甘肃东部地区黑垆土的发育演化模式与发生学特性的时空差异  

PEDOGENESIS, EVOLUTION PROCESS AND TIME-SPACE VARIATION OF GENETIC PROPERTIES OF HEILUSOL IN EASTERN GANSU PROVINCE

作　　者：张维祥[1] 曹继秀[1] 张宇田[1] 胡双熙[1] 许继善 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学地理系,730000 [2]甘肃省庆阳地区水利水保处

出　　处：《土壤学报》1992年第2期126-136,共11页Acta Pedologica Sinica

摘　　要：本文研究了甘肃东部(亦称陇东)黄土塬区黑垆土的发育演化模式及成土速率与成土作用强度的时空变异规律。提出黑垆土叠加剖面的形成依次经历了古土壤发育、新冰期黄土粉尘堆积覆盖、人类耕作堆肥熟化三个阶段。埋藏古土壤普遍形成于距今7500—3500年高温期的温湿草原环境中,南部粘化黑垆土带还存在距今约13800—7500年的古土壤发育阶段,但此时的成土速率比中全新世小。同一阶段的成土速率和成土作用的强度南部比北部大。在新冰期(距今约3000—2500年)中黄土粉尘的加速堆积,是古土壤层被掩埋以及形成覆盖层的直接原因。具有普遍性的人为耕作熟化是在全新世黄土覆盖层上进行的,黑垆土剖面中不可能普遍存在古耕层。Based on the radio-carbon dating, spore-pollen analysis, and physical and chemical data of some heilusol profiles in the loess plains of the eastern Gansu Province, this paper deals with the pedogenesis and evolution process as well as the laws of time-space variation of soil-forming intensity of heilusol. Heilusol profile is composed of some overlapping soil genetic horizons formed in different soil-forming stages with diversified properties. The formation of overlapping profile of heilusol successively underwent paleosol developing stage, Holocene loess accumulating and covering stage, and artificial cultivating, manuring and maturing stage. The overlapping feature in the appearance of heilusol profile and some compound genetic phenomena in the buried argillic paleosol horizon reflects an overlapping function of different soilforming processes which occurred before and after the paleosol was buried.The humus ^(14)C ages of the buried paleosol in heilusol profile in the loess plains of the eastern Gansu Province mainly fall in 7500—3500 a B. P. , which was a warm-humid period, with the Xifeng profile being a representative. It can be compared with the warm-humid paleosol developing stage during 7000—3500 a B. P. in the northeastern marginal area of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, and the Atlantic in Europe and the Yangshao Culture of China were in this period. And yet the humus ^(14)C ages of paleosol horizon in the argillic heilusol zone show that a climatic environment favouring the soil development already appeared in the southern part of the eastern Gansu Province during 13800—7500 a B. P. , while the soil-formation rate in this period is slower than that in the hypsithermal period in the Middle Holocene. The climate already got very warm-humid in the sourthern argillic heilusol zone no later than 8000 a B. P. During 7500—3500 a B. P. the eastern Gansu Province commonly had a warm-humid climate. Except that the sourthern area became markedly warm-humid forest steppe, other parts were in steppe envionment

关 键 词：黑垆土 发生特性 时空差异 形成 

分 类 号：S151.2[农业科学—土壤学]