厌氧消化器中微生物生态学的研究  

A STUDY OF MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN AN ANAEROBIC DIGESTER

作　　者：凌代文[1] 刘聿太 乐华爱 梁家騵 程光胜[1] 苏京军[1] 王大耜 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院微生物研究所

出　　处：《微生物学报》1992年第2期79-84,共6页Acta Microbiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：应用一套自行设计的以豆腐废水为原料实验性的半连续化的厌氧消化器可将甲烷发酵的各个阶段分开。从中分离到占优势和重要的水解和发酵性细菌、产氢产乙酸细菌和产甲烷细菌。水解和发酵性细菌经鉴定是乳杆菌属、链球菌属、双岐杆菌属、梭状芽孢杆菌属、丙酸杆菌属和螺旋体等属的细菌,其中有些菌株是上述属中的新种。产氢产乙酸细菌是氧化丁酸盐菌,初始分离时与氧化丁酸盐菌相配合的利用氢的细菌是消化器中的一种特有的产甲烷球菌。分离到的产甲烷细菌中有4个已知的种,还发现一个新种。本文还对上述细菌利用豆腐废水生成甲烷的一系列生化反应进行了归纳小结。从豆腐废水厌氧消化器中发现了一些未报道过的细菌新种,说明这样的微生物生态系是前人未曾研究过的。An experimental semicontinuous anaero-bic digester fed on soybean cake waste waterhas been studied.Different stages of methano-genic fermentation could be distinguishedwith this digester.The main and importanthydrolysing and fermentative bacteria,hydro-gen and acetic acid producing bacteria andmethangenic bacteria in this digester have beenisolated.The hydrolysing and fermentativebacteria belonged to the genera of Lactobaci-llus,Streptocoacus,Bifidobacterium,Clostri-dium,Propionibacterium and Spirochaeta,etc.Some of these bacteria were the new species ofthese genera.The hydrogen and acetic acidproducing bacteria were a butyrate oxidizerusing a new methanogen as the syntrophic par-ther in the primary isolate.Now this butyrateoxidizer can be cultivated alone.Several kindsof methanogenic bacteria including Methano-bacterium formicicum,Methanosarcina bar-keri,M.mazei,Methanospirillum hungatei anda new methanogenic coccus were lsolated.The biochemical reactions——a micro-bial food chain for the biomethanation in thisanaerobic digester have been summarized inthis paper.A number of new bacteria isolatedfrom the anaerobic digester were the domi-nant microbes in this ecosystem.The anaerobic-digester is such a habitat which was not stu-died before.

关 键 词：厌氧消化器 微生物生态学 

分 类 号：Q938.1[生物学—微生物学]