不同沉积环境中几种厌氧细菌的组成与分布  

THE COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF SOME KINDS OF ANAEROBIC MICROORGANISMS IN THE DIFFERENT SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS

作　　者：张辉[1] 连莉文[1] 张洪年[2] 

机构地区：[1]农业部成都沼气科学研究所,成都610041 [2]地质矿产部石油地质研究所,北京100083

出　　处：《微生物学报》1992年第3期182-190,共9页Acta Microbiologica Sinica

摘　　要：在严格的厌氧条件下,用 MPN 计数的方法测定了几种不同沉积环境的地质样品中的硫酸盐还原细菌、发酵性细菌、产甲烷细菌的数量;观察了不同沉积类型的样品中产甲烷细菌的种类和代谢类型;比较了岩芯等典型样品的产甲烷能力。结果表明,陆相沉积物中的硫酸盐还原细菌的分布,受沉积深度的限制,其数量与沉积深度之间有较好的负相关性。在同一沉积环境的相同层位中,发酵性细菌以及厌氧纤维素分解细菌的数量随有机质或纤维素的含量而变化。在各种沉积环境中,产甲烷细菌的数量都明显少于其他非产甲烷细菌。用 MPN 计数的方法通常检测不到岩芯样品中的产甲烷细菌。现代海相表层沉积物的样品产甲烷细菌主要是甲烷杆菌属(Methanobacterium),其营养类型为 H_2/CO_2。现代陆相沉积物和成岩早期的样品,产甲烷细菌的类群比较复杂,营养类型为 H_2/CO_2和乙酸。成岩中晚期的样品中,产甲烷细菌以甲烷球菌属(Methanococcus)为主,营养类型为 H_2/CO_2.Under the strictly anaerobic conditions,the quantities of sulfate-reducing bacteria,fermen-tative bacteria and methanogenic bacteria of several geological samples got from different sedi-mentary environments were measured with the method of MPN;the kinds and metabolic typeof methanogenic bacteria were observed and the abilities of methane production of core sampleswere compared.The results show that the distribution of salfate-reducing bacteria is regulatedby the depth of sediment and the negative interrelation between its quantity and the depth of sedi-ment is rather good.In the same layer of the same sedimentary environment,the quantities of fer-mentative bacteria and anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria vary with the chang of content of organicmatter or cellulose.In the different sedimentary environments the quantity of methanogenic ba-cteria is obviously less than that of non-methanogenic bacteria.The methanogenic bacteria inthe core sampls are not detected usually by method of MPN.In the sampls of surface layerof modern oceanic sediment the methanogenic bacteria bellong to the population of methano-bacterium and the type of nutriment is H_2/CO_2.In the sampls of mod.ern continental sedimentand early diagenetic period,the population of methanogenic bacteria are complex,the typeof nutriment is H_2-CO_2 and acetate acid.In the sampls of middle and late diagenetic period,the Methanococcus are main among the methanogenic bacteria,and the type of nutriment isH_2/CO_2.

关 键 词：生物气 厌氧细菌 沉积环境 

分 类 号：Q939.99[生物学—微生物学]