基于关联维数的黄土滑坡空间分布结构及其成因分析  

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION STRUCTURE OF LOESS LANDSLIDES AND CAUSE ANALYSIS BASED ON CORRELATED FRACTAL DIMENSION

作　　者：邱海军[1,2] 崔鹏[1] 王彦民[3] 刘琪[2] 胡胜[2] 高宇[2] 靳欣 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川成都610041 [2]西北大学城市与环境学院,陕西西安710127 [3]陕西理工学院化学与环境科学学院,陕西汉中723001

出　　处：《岩石力学与工程学报》2015年第3期546-555,共10页Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41401602);陕西省自然科学基金资助项目(2014JQ2–4021);陕西省重点科技创新团队计划项目(2014KCT–27)

摘　　要：为定量探究区域滑坡空间分布结构,揭示不同规模类型区域滑坡分布模式异同,分析其异同原因,拓深对区域滑坡空间分布规律的认知,在建立黄土滑坡详细编录数据库的基础上,借鉴粒度分析理论,引入滑坡径级概念。采用关联维数、核密度和GIS空间分析方法,定量地分析不同径级上区域黄土滑坡空间分布结构及其形成原因。结果表明:(1)径级50~75 m黄土滑坡所占比例最大,占到滑坡总数的28.87%;径级>100 m黄土滑坡所占比例较小,占到滑坡总数的15.12%;(2)各径级区域滑坡空间结构具有多分形特征,在30 km尺度上存在明显的拐点;在小于30 km尺度上区域滑坡各径级的关联维数随着径级规模增大而增加,分布模式由聚集分布逐渐过渡到分散分布,在大于30 km尺度上区域滑坡都呈现聚集分布状态;(3)成因分析表明,黄土滑坡在发育过程中,更多是受地形地貌的影响,在遴选的3个分布模式主要影响因素中,距河流距离对区域黄土滑坡分布模式的影响最大,其次为地形起伏度,小规模滑坡在距河流距离近(地形起伏度小)的地方所占比例较高,而大规模滑坡在距河流距离远(地形起伏度大)的地方所占比例较高。坡度虽然是影响滑坡稳定性的重要影响因子,但对于分布模式的影响几乎没有。The aims of this study were to quantitatively measure the spatial distribution structure of regional landslides,to reveal the differences and causes of distribution patterns between regional landslides of different sizes. The diameter of a landslide was graded into classes(scales) according the data from the database of Loess landslides. The spatial distribution structure and causes of loess landslides on various scales of diameter were quantitatively analyzed with the methods of the correlated fractal dimension,the kernel density and the GIS spatial analysis. The loess landslide with the diameter within the scale of 50–75 m occupied the maximum proportion, comprising 28.87% of the total landslides. The landslide on the scale larger than 100 m was the least which accounted for 15.12%. The spatial structure of landslide on various scales had multi-fractal characteristics. There was a distinct inflection point on the scale of 30 km. On the scale smaller than 30 km,the correlated fractal dimension was raised with the increase of diameter scale,and the distribution pattern was turned from the aggregation into the dispersion pattern gradually. On the scale larger than 30 km,the distribution of regional landslide exhibited an aggregation pattern. The loess landslides were mostly affected by topography and landforms during its process of development. Among selected 3 major factors influencing the distribution patterns,the distance to river stream was the most influential factor followed by the relief amplitude. A higher proportion of the landslide with small diameter scale was found to take place near the stream with smaller relief amplitude. However,a larger proportion of the landslide with large diameter scale occurred at the places with larger relief amplitude and far away from river. Slope had negligible effect on the distribution pattern.

关 键 词：边坡工程 黄土滑坡 分布结构 关联维数 成因分析 

分 类 号：P642.22[天文地球—工程地质学]