基于非点源污染控制的景观格局优化方法与原则  

Landscape management practices for the control of non-point source pollution: methods and principals

作　　者：高超[1] 朱继业[1] 窦贻俭[1] 张桃林[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学城市与资源学系,南京210093 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《生态学报》2004年第1期109-116,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向资助项目 (KZCX3 -SW-4 17) ;江苏省自然科学基金资助项目 (BK2 0 0 10 40 )

摘　　要：对目前国内外较为常用的基于非点源污染控制的景观格局优化方法及其设计原则进行了系统的评述 ,以促进其推广应用并提高其污染控制效果。还通过分析这些方法在我国的应用前景 ,强调了探索适合我国国情的景观格局优化方法对于控制非点源污染的重要意义。Water quality deterioration induced by non-point source pollution has been of increasing concern in recent years. On the landscape scale there are always some areas which contribute much more nonpoint source pollutants to surface and subsurface waters then others as a result of more intensive land-use practices and other anthropogenic activities. Land-use activities also affect water quality by altering sediment, chemical loads, and watershed hydrology. Some land uses may contribute to the maintenance of water quality by forming physical or biogeochemical barriers which efficiently intercept and transform nonpoint pollutants. Landscape management methods thereby may offer great opportunity for water quality protection by alleviating the generation of pollutants from source areas and by removing pollutants on their way to water bodies. Natural and constructed wetlands have been known for decades to remove nutrients discharged into waters from different sources. Riparian buffer strips/zones have been proved to be particularly important as biogeochemical and ecological buffers between upland and open water systems. In China, some landscape management practices have been very effective in maintaining the stability and productivity of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and their role in mitigating nonpoint pollution have been increasingly recognized. The typical landscape in Southeast China with scattered multipond systems is very efficient in nutrients retention and removing. The properly established and managed contour hedgerow intercropping systems can reduce surface runoff, soil loss and therefore nutrient exports. Optimizing land use distribution can also result in a decreased nutrient input to and less nutrient export from agro-ecosystems. A well demonstrated example is the ecological agricultural model with forests at hilltop - tea and fruit at hillside - cropping in valley - fishery in pond in the hilly red soil region.Bearing in mind that China has the world's largest population and very limited land res

关 键 词：非点源污染 景观格局优化 方法 原则 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学]