南五味子属花的形态及其系统学意义  

Floral morphology of Kadsura in relation to its systematic significance

作　　者：段林东[1] 林祁[1] 袁琼[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所

出　　处：《植物研究》2004年第1期87-92,共6页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目 ( 3 0 2 70 10 3 );中国科学院知识创新工程项目 (Kscx2 1 0 6B ;Kscx2 SW 10 8);中国科学院生物分类区系学科特别资助项目

摘　　要：借助扫描电镜观察了南五味子属 (Kadsura)中黑老虎 (K .coccinea)、南五味子 (K .japon ica)和狭叶南五味子 (K .angustifolia)雄花和雌花的形态发生过程 ,三种植物花发育早期相似而发育后期出现分异。根据花形态发生早期的相似性 ,支持南五味子属为单系起源 ;根据花形态发生后期的分异状态 ,支持将南五味子属分为离蕊南五味子亚属 (SubgenusCosbaea)和南五味子亚属 (SubgenusKadsura)。借助扫描电镜观察了短梗南五味子 (K .borneensis)和披针叶南五味子 (K .lanceolata)花的形态 ,将南五味子和狭叶南五味子的花与短梗南五味子和披针叶南五味子的花比较 ,赞成在南五味子亚属下设南五味子组 (SectionKadsura)和南洋南五味子组 (SectionSarcocar pon)。根据在狭叶南五味子中观察到的两性花痕迹和在五味子属 (Schisandra)东亚五味子 (S .e longata)花中观察到的两性花 ,本文认为现存五味子科 (Schisandraceae )植物的单性花可能由具两性花结构的祖先演化而来。根据五味子科植物柱头与八角科 (Illiciaceae)植物柱头的相似性 ,不支持将五味子科从八角目 (Illiciales)中分出而成立五味子目 (Schisandrales)Floral ontogeny of Kadsura coccinea, K. japonica and K.angustifolia was studied under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that three species have two different floral ontogenetic patterns. Flowers of three species share similar patterns of floral initiation and early development, but diverge in subsequent stages. The similarities of flowers in the initiation and early development supports that Kadsura may be monophyletic. The differences in later stages serve as an evidence of distinguishing the subgenus Cosbaeaand the subgenus Kadsurain the genus Kadsura. Floral morphology of K. borneensisand K. lanceolatawas observed under SEM, the results serve as an evidence of distinguishing the section Kadsuraand the section Sarcocarponin the subgenus Kadsuraaccording as the flowers of K. japonicaand K. angustifoliawere compared with those of K. borneensisand K. lanceolata. Because the bisexual vestigial structures or a few bisexual flower were observed in K. angustifoliaor Schisandra elongata, the results indicate that the unisexual flower in the family Schisandraceae may be derived from the bisexual ancestor. According to the similarties of stigmata between the families Schisandraceae and Illiciaceae, the viewpoint that Schisandraceae was divided from the order Illiciales and the order Schisandrales was foundated is not supported.

关 键 词：南五味子属 花 形态 系统演化 五味子科 

分 类 号：Q944.58[生物学—植物学]