利用水稻品种多样性控制稻瘟病研究  

The Use of Rice Variety Diversity for Rice Blast Control

作　　者：朱有勇[1] 陈海如[1] 范静华[1] 王云月[1] 李炎[1] 范金祥[1] 杨仕生[1] 马光亮[1] 陈建斌[1] 李作森[1] 卢宝荣[2] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学植物病理重点实验室/教育部农业生物多样性与病害控制重点实验室,昆明650201 [2]复旦大学生物多样性科学研究所/教育部生物多样性与生态工程重点实验室,上海200433

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2003年第5期521-527,共7页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家和云南省科学基金资助项目 ( 0 1NG10 ;0 1C0 0 0 7Z ;AA2 110 91;3 0 160 0 48);上海教委上海市优秀学术带头人计划资助项目

摘　　要：根据品种遗传背景的差异、农艺性状和经济性状的不同 ,笔者选用了 2个汕型杂交稻品种 (汕优 6 3和汕优 2 2 )和 2个优质地方稻品种 (黄壳糯和紫谷 )进行了品种多样性混合间栽和不同品种净栽的田间试验。结果表明 ,汕型杂交稻与优质地方稻品种混合间栽比同一品种净栽对稻瘟病有极为显著的控制效果 ,尤其突出的是混合间栽中高度感病的优质地方稻品种对稻瘟病的发病率、病情指数均有极显著的下降 ,防治效果达 83%～ 98%。因此 ,合理的品种多样性混合间栽是水稻品种稻瘟病控制的有效途径。试验还证明 ,品种混合间栽与品种净栽相比具有明显的抗倒伏和增产效果 ,品种混合间栽比净栽杂交稻平均增产 6 .5 %～ 9.7%。Field experiments of mixed and pure planting of four rice varieties, representing hybrid varieties (Shanyou63 and Shanyou22) and traditional high quality varieties (Huangkenuo and Zigu), were conducted based on the differences in their genetic backgrounds, agronomical and economical characteristics. The results demonstrated that the mixed planting of the hybrid rice and traditional high quality rice varieties had a significant greater effect on controlling the occurrence of the rice blast disease than the pure planting of these varieties, particularly for the highly susceptible traditional varieties, with significant decrease in incidence and disease index and 83%-98% of control efficiency. This suggests that appropriate mixed planting of rice varieties with different genetic backgrounds and agronomical features is an effective approach for rice blast control. In addition, the resistance to lodging were obviously increased in mixed planting compared with pure planting plots. The yield increased of grain averaged by 6.5%-9.7% in the mixed planting plots.

关 键 词：水稻 品种多样性 控制方法 稻瘟病 

分 类 号：S435.111[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]