一起院内SARS感染的流行病学调查研究  

An Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hospital:the Epidemiological Investigation and Study

作　　者：赵荣山[1] 李秀芹[1] 邢红霞[2] 金玉[2] 王本旭[1] 国宏志[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京军区联勤部军事医学研究所,河北石家庄050081 [2]北京军区总医院,北京100700

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2003年第11期1076-1078,1069,共4页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

摘　　要：目的　对一起严重急性呼吸综合征 (SARS)医院感染进行流行病学调查 ,确定传染源和传播途径 ,分析造成医院感染的原因和流行病学特点 ,为预防和控制院内 SARS感染提供参考资料。方法　采用统一的流行病学调查表 ,通过座谈了解 ,查阅病案和感染现场调查相结合进行追踪和个案调查 ;描述本次医院感染的传播过程和不同接触方式与感染发病的关系 ,并以图例和表格方式表达。结果　本次医院感染急诊科员工在 2 0 0 3年 4月 2日～ 18日 16 d时间内共发生 SARS患者 5例 ,罹患率为 2 1.74 % ,整个感染过程形成清晰的传播链 ;感染人群全部为护士 ,男女之比 1∶ 4 ;发病潜伏期长 ,潜伏期平均 >10 d;病程长 ,自发病到痊愈出院平均为 4 9.4 d;后对在症状期所有接触者进行隔离 ,无发病。结论　本次医院感染首例传染源为输入性 ;无防护近距离密切接触为主要传播方式 ;急诊科护士是高危人群。OBJECTIVE To investigate the transmission process of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in hospital, to confirm the source of infection and route of transmission, to analyze the cause of infection outbreak and the epidemiological characteristics of SARS in hospital and to provide reference data to prevent and control the infection in hospital. METHODS Standardized questionnaire was used on individual cases combined with the interview, looking over the case of illness and the investigation of outbreak scene, the transmission process of SARS in hospital, the relationship of various contact type and odds of infection were described and illustrated by table. RESULTS Five cases were attacked in 16 days from Apr 2 to 18, 2003 in emergency ward; attack rate was 21.74%, the transmission chains of this outbreak could clearly be depicted. The nurses were main attacked confluence; the ratio of male and female was 1∶4. The incubation period was 10 days upwards average. The course of diseases was long, average 49.4 days from being ill to heal. All contacts were isolated, no one was found ill. CONCLUSIONS The first source of infection was an input case; the main transmission way was no protecting close distance and intimate contact. The risk highly confluence was nurse of emergency ward.

关 键 词：SARS 医院感染 流行病学 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学] R184[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]