人工合成甘蓝型油菜的繁育特性与试管繁殖  

Generative characteristics and in vitro multiplication of resynthesized Brassica napus

作　　者：卢长明[1] 肖玲[1] 张斌 加藤正弘[3] 沈明珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所农业部油料作物遗传改良开放重点实验室,湖北武汉430062 [2]天津市农科所,天津300192 [3]日本爱媛大学农学部

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2003年第4期5-10,共6页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：中国农科院杰出人才基金;日本文部省奖学金资助项目

摘　　要：通过甘蓝品种(2n=18,CC)与白菜品种(2n=20,AA)杂交并借助胚珠培养和染色体加倍,获得一系列人工甘蓝型油菜新品系。对18个人工合成甘蓝型油菜新品系的花粉育性、自交结实性、异交结实性等研究表明,人工油菜品系花期自交不结实或结实率很低,蕾期自交一朵花平均获3.6粒种子,平均结角率为19.7％。但是,人工甘蓝型油菜无论作父本还是作母本与天然甘蓝型油菜杂交的结实率都较高。以人工油菜作父本与天然油菜杂交,42个组合平均杂交一朵花获得10.3粒杂交种子;以人工油菜作母本与天然油菜杂交,15个组合平均杂交一朵花获得8.5粒杂交种子。分析结果表明,本试验的人工油菜品系具有很强的自交不亲和性,蕾期自交结实率也较低,但对异交结实影响不大,因此可以直接用于杂种生产。试验对自交结实特别困难的5个人工甘蓝型油菜新品系进行了试管繁殖,采取子叶、下胚轴和茎尖联合培养方式,22株无菌苗经过2个月快繁,获得260株苗,平均繁殖系数为12.4。不同基因型繁殖系数差异较大,变幅为3.3-21.0。Resynthesized lines of Brassica napus were obtained through crossing between Brassica oleracea and B. rapa by means of ovule culture and colchicine treatment. Eighteen resynthesized lines were studied on their pol- len fertility, seed fertility, self -- incompatibility and crossability with natural B. napus. All the resynthesized lines produced no seed or very few seeds on anthesis self -- pollination. They produced 3.6 seeds on average from one bud self -- pollination, significantly lower than normal varieties of B. napus. However, considerably high seed set was observed in the crosses between natural and resynthesized B. napus in either cross direction: 10.3 seeds per pollination were obtained on average of 42 cross combinations, when resynthesized strains were used as male and 8.5 seeds were obtained on average of 15 cross combinations when resynthesized B. napus were used as female. Re- sults indicated that all the resynthesized strains were self -- incompatible and poor in seed set even by bud self - pol- lination. These properties made it diffcult to maintain the new strains in normal way. Multiplication in vitro helped to maintain these lines. Twenty two sterilized seedlings from 22 seeds of 5 resynthesized strains were cut for explants into cotyledon, hypocotyl segments and shoot tips. All the explants were in same way pre -- cultured on MS_1 (MS + 2mg/L 6 -- BA + 0.5mg/L NAA + 5mg/L AgNO_3) for 10 days and transferred to MS_2 (MS + 2mg/L 6 -- BA + 0.01mg/L NAA) for 7 days and then transferred to MS_3 (MS + 1.0mg/L 6 -- BA + 0.1 mg/L NAA) for regenera- tion. The shoots were rooted on MS_4 (MS + 0.1mg/L NAA) medium. Through two months of multiplication in vitro, 260 plants were obtained with the multiplication coefficient being 12.4 on average. Genotypes varied signifi- cantly in multiplication coeffcient from 3.3～21.0

关 键 词：人工合成 甘蓝型油菜 繁育特性 试管繁殖 育性 自交不亲和性 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]