宁夏沙坡头自然保护区四种生境夏季鸟类群落变化  

Changes in Communities of Summer Birds at Shapotou Nature Reserve,Ningxia

作　　者：黄族豪[1] 刘荣国 刘迺发[1] 吴洪斌 郝耀明 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学生命科学学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]宁夏沙坡头国家级自然保护区管理处,宁夏中卫751700

出　　处：《Zoological Research》2003年第4期269-273,共5页动物学研究（英文）

基　　金：宁夏科学技术厅项目资助 (ZR19990 17)

摘　　要：1999年夏季采用样线法调查了宁夏沙坡头自然保护区 4种生境鸟的种数和数量 ,并与 1986年用相同取样方法得到的数据 (Liu&Chang ,1990 )进行比较 ,以了解 13年间鸟类群落的变化并探讨其原因。 1999年共记录到 6 7种鸟 ,比 1986年新增 36种 ,同时减少 10种。荒漠生境鸟类的数量减少到不足 1986年的 5 0 % ,但种数、群落多样性和优势度与 1986年接近 ;湿地生境鸟类的种数和数量都增加 1倍多 ,群落多样性和优势度略有增加 ;固沙林生境鸟类的种数从 8种增加到 34种 (增加了食虫、荒漠鸟类 ) ,但数量略减少 ,群落多样性增加 6 7% ,优势度减少 6 3% ;村庄农田生境鸟类种数与 1986年接近 ,数量、群落多样性和优势度都减少。湿地鸟类群落的状态变好 ,是鱼塘水域增加的结果 ;固沙林鸟类群落的状况看似好转 ,但潜伏着虫害所致的荒漠化危机 ;村庄农田生境鸟类群落状态变差 ,与农村传统土房大量消失有关。Species and amount of birds were surveyed with line transects made in summer 1999 at habitats of desert,wetland,fixing sand forest,and village and farmland in Shapotou Nature Reserve,Ningxia,and then compared with those in 1986 (Liu & Chang,1990).There were 67 species in the reserve in 1999.In comparison with the record of 1986,36 were new,but 10 disappeared.Of the changes,the amount of birds in desert decreased <50%;amount and species number in wetland doubled;species number in fixing sand forest increased from 8 to 34 (mainly insect eating birds and desert living birds), H  increased 67% and dominance index ( D ) decreased 63%;species number in village and farmland decreased 42%,and D decreased 22%.The status of bird community in wetland becomes much better because fish pounds increase;that in fixing sand forest seems better,but the habitat itself is changing to desert due to increased population of insect pests;that in village and farmland is getting worse because of disappearance of traditional houses.

关 键 词：鸟类 群落 荒漠 湿地 固沙林 村庄农田 

分 类 号：Q958.5[生物学—动物学]