池塘水华与底层磷营养状态的关系  

A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALGAE BLOOMS AND BENTHIC PHOSPHORUS STATUS IN PONDS

作　　者：宋春雷[1] 曹秀云[1] 刘兵钦[2] 周易勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉430072 [2]湖北大学生命科学学院,武汉430062

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2004年第1期7-12,共6页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZCXI SW 1 2 II 0 2 0 2 );重要方向项目(KSCXZ SW 1 0 2 );国家重点基础研究发展计划;国家自然科学基金 ( 2 0 1 770 33;396 70 1 49;391 70 1 6 5)项目资助

摘　　要：比较了武汉东郊相邻池塘间隙水、上覆水与沉积物中磷形态、水相中与不同大小颗粒相联系的碱性磷酸酶活性 (APA)、溶解态与沉积物APA动力学参数及沉积物有机质的含量。铜绿微囊藻 (Microcystisaeruginosa)出现或繁盛的池塘上覆水中正磷酸盐 (O—P)或间隙水中不同形态磷的浓度较高 ,而底层水相不同形态磷浓度较低的池塘叶绿素的浓度亦低 ,且未见铜绿微囊藻 ,故水华与底层磷营养之间联系紧密。各塘沉积物磷主要以铁结合态形式存在 ,铜绿微囊藻繁盛的池塘沉积物中铁结合态磷含量较低 ,而有机质含量较高 ,底层APA亦表现出较高的底物亲和能力 (较小的Km 值 )和反应速度 (较大的Vmax值 ) ,上述结果说明 ,有机质可能在上覆水、间隙水与沉积物诱导具不同动力学特征的高APA ,同时引发厌氧状态 ,这双重因素均有利于O—P的迅速释放 。Eutrophication has been recognized as a pollution p roblem all over the world. Blooms of the cyanobacterium are ubiquitous phenomena in eutrophic lakes and reservoirs in many countries. Although a number of published reports concer n cyanobacteria, the mechanisms governing the blooms are poorly understood. In pa rticular, nutrient dynamics are crucial in bloom processes, but they have mostly been addressed inadequately. Phosphorus is primarily responsible for limiting t he growth of phytoplankton in freshwater systems. It is difficult to describe bl oomrelated processes without considering bioavailability of phosphorus in benthi c environments that act as sources of phosphorus. In addition, microbial degradat ion of organic matter is mediated by enzymes operating outside the cells. Extrac ellular phosphatase plays a key role in phosphorus regeneration. Thus, a study o n phosphorus status in benthic environments, including species and regeneration , is of ecological interest because of its implications for water blooms in the ecosystems. The phosphorus forms and kinetic parameters of alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) in the overlying, interstitial water and sediment, size-fraction ation of APA in overlying and interstitial water, as well as organic matter in t he sediments, were studied in adjacent ponds located in the eastern suburb of Wu han. Ponds with occurrence or bloom ofMicrocystis aeruginosa showed signifi cantly higher concentrations of orthophosphate (O—P) in overlying water, or dif ferent P species in interstitial water, whereas the pond void ofMicrocystis a eruginosa showed the lowest concentrations of chlorophylla in surface war er and different P species in overlying and interstitial water, indicating close relation between algae bloom and benthic phosphorus status. Sediment P was domi nated by Fe bound P fraction in all ponds studied. In the pond with heavily bloo m ofMicrocystis aeruginosa, the lowest Fe bound P and the highest organic m atter contents were observed in the sediment, coupled wit

关 键 词：碱性磷酸酶 微囊藻水华 磷营养 底层 池塘 湖泊富营养化 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程] Q949.2[生物学—植物学]