应用微核试验和单细胞凝胶电泳技术来检测农药对青蛙蝌蚪及成体的遗传毒性  

GENOTOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES OF TWO PESTICIDES TO TADPOLES AND FROGS OF RANA NIGRINACULATA HALLOWEII BY MICRONUCLEI TEST AND SINGLE CELL GEL ELECTROPHORESIS ASSAY

作　　者：封少龙[1,2] 孔志明[2] 王五香 王新明[1] 彭平安[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,有机地球化学国家重点实验室,广州510640 [2]污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,南京大学环境学院,南京210093 [3]湖南省衡南县教师进修学校,衡阳421141

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2004年第1期52-57,共6页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目 ( 396 70 1 53);中国科学院研究生科学与社会实践资助专项--创新项目资助

摘　　要：应用青蛙红细胞微核试验和单细胞凝胶电泳试验研究了两种新型杀虫剂 -吡虫啉和抑食肼对青蛙蝌蚪和成体的遗传毒性 ,结果表明 :当吡虫啉为 2mg/L时 ,蝌蚪红细胞微核率与对照组相比 ,无显著性差异 (p >0 .0 5) ;浓度升高到 8mg/L时 ,微核率与对照组相比 ,有显著性差异 (p <0 .0 5) ;当浓度为 3 2mg/L时 ,微核率与对照组相比 ,有极显著性差异 (p <0 .0 1) ;并有明显的剂量 -效应关系 (r =0 .9843 )。而抑食肼在浓度为 2 .5mg/L和 10mg/L时 ,微核率与对照组相比 ,无显著性差异 (p >0 .0 5) ;当浓度增至 40mg/L时 ,微核与对照组相比 ,有极显著性差异 (p <0 .0 1) ;吡虫啉与抑食肼各浓度组对青蛙红细胞的DNA损伤与阴性对照组相比 ,都有极显著性差异 (p <0 .0 1) ,且具有明显的剂量 -效应关系 (r =0 .960 ,r=0 .990 )。Imidacloprid [1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-n itro-imidazolidin-2-ylid eneamine] and RH-5849[2′-benzoyll′-tert-butylbenzoylhydrazinel]are two novel pesticides being used in China. Imidacloprid, which act as an agonist at t he nicotinic acetylcholine receptor,is highly effective against many sucking insec t s including ricehoppers, aphids, thrips and white flies. RH-5849, a nonsteroida l ecdysone agonist, which act similar to 20-hydroxyecdysone by binding to the e cdosone receptor, have been found to be very effective against lepidopteran pest s in vegetables, cotton, and cereals. To our knowledge, their effects on the aqu atic and agricultural ecosystems have not been fully investigated. Amphibians ar e important organisms in the aquatic and agricultural ecosystems; they are among the most important natural enemies of many agricultural pests. Because of their sensitivity to changes of their habiat and that their larvae live in the aquat ic environment, the amphibians were regarded as bio-indicators of aquatic and a gricultural ecosystems, and broadly used as typical test organisms in evaluating the effects of chemicals on the aquatic and agricultural ecosystems. This study was initiated to combine micronucleus test (MN) and comet assay to assess the g enotoxicity of the two pesticides on the amphibians from different endpoints. Th e objective was to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the effects and potential risks of the pesticides on the aquatic and agricultural ecosystems. Amphibians,Rana nigronaculata Hallowellwas selected as the test organisms. T hey were acclimated to the conditions of the laboratory for 7 days before the te s ts. The tadpoles were one and half months old, with body lengths of 37.5±1.1mm and body weights of 461±60mg and the frogs with body weights of about 100 g we re chosen for the tests. After being tamed for 7 days in the laboratory, the tadpoles ofR. nigronacula t awere exposed to different levels of the two pesticides for 7 days. The concen tration of DO in the solu

关 键 词：吡虫啉 抑食肼 黑斑蛙 蝌蚪 微核 单细胞凝胶电泳试验 杀虫剂 

分 类 号：X503.22[环境科学与工程—环境工程]