我国4300 m高度上的高能宇宙线研究  

High Altitude Cosmic Ray Research on Tibet Highland

作　　者：谭有恒[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院高能物理研究所,北京100039

出　　处：《天文学进展》2003年第4期318-333,共16页Progress In Astronomy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(10120130794)

摘　　要：随着γ射线天文学的兴起,10年前在西藏高原海拔4300 m的羊八井谷地,出现并成长着一个国际知名的宇宙线实验站。其中日合作的ASγ阵列在国际同类实验中,首先观测到了蟹状星云的Multi-TeV稳定γ射线发射及活动星系核Mrk 501在1997年、Mrk 421在2000年的Multi-TeV γ射线强爆发,独家测出了反映太阳和行星际磁场状态的宇宙线太阳阴影的偏移并将之用于太阳活动变化的监测,利用高海拔优势及乳胶室和Burst探测器与阵列的联合实验进行了超高能宇宙线能谱和成分的研究。以高阻板探测器(RPC)地毯式阵列迈入≈100 GeV空白能区的中意合作ARGO(Astroparticle physics Research at Ground-based Observatory)计划,已进入大规模安装调试阶段。欲牢固占领Multi-GeV-TeV能区和满足对高可变、大峰流、短时标河外γ源的观测所需的高海拔巨型大气契仑可夫光成像望远镜计划5@YorG,也正在酝酿之中。With the development of γ-ray astronomy, a cosmic ray observatory was founded in the Yangbajing valley of Tibet highland (4300 m.a.s.l.) 10 years ago. Its EAS array of China-Japan ASγ Collaboration detected successfully the steady emission of multi-TeV γ rays from the Crab Nebula, the strong outbursts from AGN Mrk 501 in 1997 and from Mrk 421 in 2000, which is the first detections in the EAS experiments. The deviation and movement of Sun shadow by cosmic rays induced by solar and interplanetary magnetic field, has been only observed and will be adopted to monitor the variations of solar activity. Taking the advantages of high altitude and the combination of experiments of EAS array and emulsion chambers + burst detectors, the primary energy spectrum and composition of ultra-high energy cosmic ray have been studied. For exploring the 100 GeV gap region between the space and ground-based experiments, the project of China-Italy ARGO Collaboration is under constructing. Finally, to challenge the 5 GeV low threshold and the highly variable extragalactic sources, a high altitude huge IACT project 5@YorG in the future is discussed.

关 键 词：天体物理学 宇宙线 综述 γ源 广延大气簇射 广延大气簇射探测阵列 大气契仑可夫光成像望远镜 

分 类 号：P172.4[天文地球—天文学]