点带石斑鱼的亲鱼培育、产卵受精和胚胎发育  

PARENT GROUPER REARING,SPAWNING,FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF EPINEPHELUS MALABARICUS(BLOCH & SCHNEIDER)

作　　者：邹记兴[1,2] 常林 向文洲[2] 胡超群[2] 林坚士[2] 

机构地区：[1]农业部水产增养殖生态、生理指导开放实验室,上海水产大学,上海200090 [2]中国科学院南海海洋研究所,广州510301 [3]厦铁水产基地,东山363400

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2003年第4期378-384,共7页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目 ( 2 0 0 2B2 15 0 2;C2 0 817);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目 (KSCX2-SW- 3 0 3 )子课题;863计划青年基金( 863-819- Q- 0 4)资助

摘　　要：在水泥池人工养殖条件下 ,对人工诱导性逆转的“功能性雄性”、天然雄性及天然雌性点带石斑鱼 (Epinephelusmalabaricus)亲鱼进行强化培育 ,自然产卵受精。 2 0 0 2年繁殖季节 ,共获 3cm以上的点带石斑鱼苗 14 5万尾。亲鱼培育、产卵受精和胚胎发育的程序 :(1)经过强化培育的亲鱼 ,自然产卵受精 ,受精率平均 81% ,最高 97% ;(2 )成熟的“人工变性雄鱼”的精子头部呈球型 ,精子头径约 3 7— 6 1μm ,尾长 12 4— 4 4 5 μm ;在水温 2 6℃、盐度 3%、pH7 9条件下 ,精子游动时间最长超过 5 8min ,精液中 90 %精子在 31min停止游动 ,与天然雄亲鱼的精子无异 ,可作为生产雄亲鱼的来源 ;(3)在东山岛 ,产卵期由 4月初持续到 11月中旬 ,产卵高潮集中在 4月底至 5月底、9月底至 10月初。在 2 4h内 ,自然产卵通常从 16 :30持续到次日 1:30 ;(4 )产卵适宜水温为 2 3 5— 2 8 6℃ ,最适产卵水温为 2 5 5—2 6 5℃ ;(5 )水温 2 6℃时 ,受精卵在盐度 2 82 %— 2 96 %的海水中呈悬浮状态 ,盐度 2 82 %以下时下沉 ,盐度 2 96 %以上时上浮 ;(6 )在水温 2 4 9— 2 7 6℃、盐度 3%— 3 3%、pH7 6— 8 2的情况下 ,胚胎发育时间为 2 1h。million fries of Epinephelus malabaricus(Bloch & Schneider)over 3cm of total length were produced in concrete tanks before June 30,2002.Parent groupers composed of artificial sex-reversed functional male,natural male and female.The paper reported part of results from above protocol as follows:1)Parent grouper cultured strenuously spawned in a natural way,the average fertilization rate was 81%,the highest was 97%;2)The head of spermatozoon from functional male is in the shape of ball,spermatozoon head diameters range about from 3.7-6.1μm,caudal length 12.4-44.5μm,and the longest swimming time of spermatozoon is over 35min.,the time of stopping swimming of 90% of all spermatozoa 31min.under conditions of water temperature 26℃,salinity 3%,pH7.9.These indicated that artificial sex-reversed functional male is not different from natural male,as a resource of male parent grouper in artificial propagation;3)The spawning period is from early April to middle November,the most spawning appears mainly from late April to late May or from late September to early October.Natural spawning continues to the second day 1:30 from 16:40 in a day; 4)The spawning usually occurs under condition of water temperature was 23.5-28.6℃,but is restrained when water temperature above 28.6℃ or below 23.5℃,and even almost stops above 30℃ or below 21℃.The most optimum water temperature is 25.5℃-26.5℃.;5)When water temperature was 26℃,fertilized eggs are partially buoyant under condition 2.82%-2.96% in salinity,as sinking below 2.82% in salinity and floating above 2.96% in salinity;6)The embryonic development is 21h.under the water temperature of 24.9-27.6℃,3%-3.3%,in salinity pH 7.6-8.2,and the present study has given complete phases of embryonic development.

关 键 词：点带石斑鱼 亲鱼培育 产卵受精 胚胎发育 

分 类 号：S965.334[农业科学—水产养殖]