火山喷出气体的环境、灾害效应及对火山未来喷发的指示意义  

ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATIC EFFECTS OF VOLCANIC VOLATILES AND THE USE OF VOLATILES AS POTENTIAL INDICATOR OF FUTURE ERUPTIONS

作　　者：郭正府[1] 刘嘉麒[1] 贺怀宇[1] 隋淑珍[1] 孙会国[1] 代国良[1] 陈贺海[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《地震地质》2003年第B12期88-98,共11页Seismology and Geology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 (4 9972 0 30 )资助

摘　　要：简要综述了火山喷发过程中喷入大气圈内不同成分的火山气体含量及其气候、环境效应和造成的火山灾害 ,并介绍了利用火山喷出气体成分和含量的变异特征进行长尺度火山喷发预测的原理与方法。认为当前在中国开展长白山天池火山活动喷出气体成分和含量的系统研究十分必要 。This paper reviews the environmental and climatic effects of volcanic volatiles of various compositions, and discusses the volcanic hazard induced by volatile emission. It focuses on the following four topics: (1) analytical methods of compositions and contents of emitted volatiles; (2) mass estimation of volatile emission and aerosols; (3) combined studies of physical volcanology and composition of released volatiles; (4) the effects of volatiles emitted from intermediate-acidic volcanic eruption on environmental and climatic changes. The prediction method of the future volcanic eruptions based on the studies of compositions, contents and variations of the released volcanic volatiles has been proposed. The variations of the composition and/or content of released volatiles during the eruption processes may signal the reactivation of a dormant volcano or the next eruption of an active volcano. A famous Japanese geochemist, Sadao Matsuo, once pointed out that “Volcanic gas is a telegram from the earths interior”. This may indicate that the monitoring of volcanic gases can effectively predict the future eruption of the volcano. It is suggested, therefore, that the systematical studies of compositions and contents of volatiles released from the Tianchi Volcano, NE China, are of great importance at present. In summary, the studies of the eruptive volcanic volatiles of various compositions may provide some new insights into the global climatic and environmental changes, and also lead to the development of an effective method for predicting volcanic eruptions.

关 键 词：火山喷发 火山气体 火山灾害 预测 

分 类 号：P317.9[天文地球—固体地球物理学]