中国大陆岩石圈结构、盆地构造和油气运移探讨  

THE STUDY OF LITHOSPHERIC TECTONICS AND BASIN FORMATION OF CHINESE MAINLAND AND MIGRATION OF OIL AND GAS

作　　者：徐常芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地震局地质研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《地学前缘》2003年第3期115-127,共13页Earth Science Frontiers

摘　　要：文中在研究了中国大陆壳内与上地幔高导层的分布和成因的基础上 (由于篇幅所限 ,中国大陆壳内与上地幔高导层分布及其成因在另文给出 ) ,首先对中国大陆岩石圈热状态和地壳热状态进行了定量分析 ,提出了冷、热岩石圈 ,冷、热地壳和冷、热盆地的概念 ,根据岩石圈的变形、热状态和构造活动性 ,提出了刚性岩石圈和塑性岩石圈的概念 ,根据岩石圈的动力学特征对中国大陆盆地进行了分类研究。在此基础上 ,对处于不同地区的大型盆地的构造特征和油气运移规律进行了分析。阐述了前人各种油气模式及其存在的问题后 ,探讨了地壳深部热流体对油气的生成和运移的作用。最后 ,认为在有壳内高导层的盆地中 ,深部流体可向上地壳中的生油和储油层提供大量的热流体 ,并产生高流体压力 ,对油气运移起了主导作用。Based on the study of the distribution and the cause of formation of the high-conductive layer of the earth's crust and the upper mantle in Chinese Mainland, (which is presented in another paper), the thermal conditions of the lithosphere and the earth's crust of Chinese continent are quantitatively discussed. Then, the concepts of the cold and hot lithosphere, of the cold and hot earth's crust, and of the cold and hot basin are presented. Concerning the deformation, the thermal conditions and the geologic structure activities of lithosphere, the concepts of the rigid and soft lithosphere are discussed. Based on analyzing dynamics characteristics of lithosphere, the large continent basins in Chinese Mainland are classified according to their structure characteristics, and the migration of oil and gas is studied. After various patterns of migration of oil and gas brought forward by predecessors are elucidated,the (patterns') insufficiencies are pointed out. The effect of deep-seated fluids on hydrocarbon generation and migration are discussed. Finally, in the basins that exist crust high-conductive layers, the deep-seated fluids are very abundant and could supply plentiful hot high-pressure water upwards to the petroleum system, so the author insists that the deep-seated high-pressure fluids should be considered playing a dominant role in the migration of oil and gas.

关 键 词：高导层 盆地 深部流体 油气运移 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]