渭北旱塬不同覆盖对冬小麦生产综合效应研究  

Comprehensive effects of different mulching materials on winter wheat productions in Weibei highland

作　　者：方日尧[1] 同延安[1] 梁东丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2004年第1期72-75,共4页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家"九五"国家科技重点攻关项目(96-004-04-05)

摘　　要：为了探讨旱地有效蓄水保墒对冬小麦的综合效应,从1998～2000年在渭北旱原合阳县西北农林科技大学试验基地进行实验研究。3年的试验结果表明,冬小麦在生长期采用渗水地膜、秸秆、常规地膜及不同覆盖技术,均有显著增产效果,能显著增加土壤贮水量(除常规地膜覆盖外),使土壤上层长期保持湿润状态,提高土壤温度,降低昼夜温差,避免降雨直接冲击地面,保持良好的土壤结构。与常规地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖比较,渗水地膜覆盖冬小麦增产分别为43.1%和40.4%。秸秆覆盖能增加土壤有机质,提高土壤肥力。渗水地膜和常规地膜具有相同的增温效果,当气温达35℃以上时,渗水地膜还具有降低极端温度的调节功能。但是,覆盖易造成有机质大量矿化物和NO-3-N的淋失。In order to search for the comprehensive effects of different mulching on winter wheat production. Three years experimental results showed that when the land with winter wheat was covered with water osmosis plastic film, straw, normal plastic film mulching during growth period, they had particularly effect of distinct increased yield, the effects of all three methods were: significant increase in yield and soil water contents except for normal plastic film mulching which allows the upper layer of soil water keeping for a long time. The mulching could also increase soil temperature, reduce temperature difference between day and night, avoide precipitation to impact on ground directly, keep better soil structure. Compared normal plastic film and straw mulching, winter wheat yield with water-osmosis plastic film mulching increased by 43.1% and 40.4%. Straw mulching remarkably increased soil organic matter and fertility. Water-osmosis plastic film had effect of increase in temperature. When air temperature was more than 35℃, water-osmosis plastic film had function of reduced extreme temperature. Long term mulching promote excessive mineralization of soil organic nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen which could be leached very easily during latter stage of winter wheat growth.

关 键 词：渭北旱原 不同覆盖 土壤水分 土壤温度 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]