重穗型水稻植株抗倒伏能力的研究  

The Culm Lodging Resistance of Heavy Panicle Type of Rice

作　　者：马均[1] 马文波[1] 田彦华[1] 杨建昌[2] 周开达[1] 朱庆森[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学水稻研究所,四川温江611130 [2]扬州大学农学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《作物学报》2004年第2期143-148,共6页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：农业部跨越计划;江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室开放课题;四川省人才培养基金

摘　　要：以 18个不同穗重型水稻品种为材料 ,研究了重穗型水稻植株的抗倒伏能力及其与茎秆的物理性状、机械组织特性的关系。结果表明 :重穗型品种单穗重大、产量高与其株高的适当增加密切相关。重穗型品种由于单穗重和株高的增加 ,弯曲力矩加大 ,但抗折力也明显提高 ,故而其茎秆抗倒伏能力并未降低。重穗型品种茎秆抗折力强的主要原因是 :(1)株高的增加主要在上部第 1、2节间 ,基部第 4、5、6节间变化甚小 ;(2 )基部各节间横切面积和茎壁厚度均有明显的增加 ,且茎、鞘干重也大 ,茎秆的充实程度良好 ;(3)茎壁机械组织厚度大 ,表皮细胞壁厚、层数多、厚度大且木质化、纤维化程度高 ,茎秆中维管束数目、面积也明显增多、增大。结果也表明 ,基部节间粗而壮 ,不仅可增强茎秆的抗折力 ,而且与单穗重、产量也呈极显著、显著正相关。本文也讨论了与此有关的育种、栽培技术问题。The lodging resistance of the culm and its characteristics of physics and mechanics related to the trait in heavy panicle type of rice (HPT) were studied. The weight per panicle and the grain yield were significantly positively correlated with the plant height. The heavier panicle and the higher yield of HPT were significantly correlated with its longer culm. The bending moment of the basal internodes in HPT increased due to its heavier panicle and higher plant, but the breaking resistance was also obviously increased and it resulted in that the lodging index had no change comparing with medium panicle type of rice. The reasons for the breaking resistance increase were: (1)The increase of the culm length originated from the first and the second internode other than from the basal internodes (the fourth, the fifth and the sixth internode). (2)HPT had a larger area in the basal internode cross section, thicker culm wall and higher amount of dry weight of stem and leaf sheath in the basal internode. (3)HPT had thicker mechanics tissue in its culm wall, thicker cell wall, more cell layers, higher xylemized and cellulousized status of epidermis cell, more and larger vascular bundles. It was also found that the thick and sturdy basal internode could increase not only the breaking resistance, but also the panicle weight and grain yield. Some suggestions for the HPT rice breeding and its culturing practices were also discussed.

关 键 词：重穗型水稻 植株 抗倒伏能力 株高 茎秆物理性状 茎壁组织结构 产量 

分 类 号：S511.033[农业科学—作物学]