花后干旱和渍水对冬小麦光合特性和物质运转的影响  

Effects of Post-anthesis Drought and Waterlogging on Photosynthetic Characteristics,Assimilates Transportation in Winter Wheat

作　　者：姜东[1] 谢祝捷[1] 曹卫星[1] 戴廷波[1] 荆奇[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农业部作物生长调控重点开放实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《作物学报》2004年第2期175-182,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 (3 0 170 5 44 );高校博士点基金 (2 0 0 0 0 3 0 70 7);江苏省自然科学基金 (BK2 0 0 10 63 ;BK2 0 0 2 0 2 5 )资助项目

摘　　要：在温室盆栽条件下 ,以黑小麦 76、皖麦 38、扬麦 10号、扬麦 9号 4个蛋白质含量不同的冬小麦 (TriticumaestivumL .)基因型为材料 ,研究了花后土壤干旱 (Soilrelativewatercontent,SRWC =4 5 %～ 5 0 % )、渍水和适宜水分条件 (SRWC =75 %～ 80 % )下 ,小麦旗叶净光合速率和叶绿素含量的动态变化 ,营养器官花前贮藏同化物再运转 ,花后同化物输入籽粒量 ,以及成熟期籽粒蛋白质与淀粉产量和含量的差异。结果表明 ,干旱和渍水均缩短了各品种花后旗叶的光合速率高值持续期 (PAD)和叶绿素含量缓降期 (RSP) ,水分处理间的PAD和RSP变化趋势为对照 >渍水 >干旱。各品种处理间叶、茎鞘、颖壳等营养器官花前贮藏同化物的运转率均为对照 >干旱 >渍水。而花后同化物输入籽粒量变化趋势为对照 >渍水 >干旱 ,花后同化氮素输入籽粒量为对照 >干旱 >渍水。各品种蛋白质产量为对照最高 ,渍水最低 ,不同水分处理间的差异达到显著水平。干旱处理显著提高了各品种籽粒蛋白质含量 ,而渍水与对照间的差异均不显著。干旱和渍水均显著降低了淀粉产量 ,不同水分处理对淀粉含量的影响因品种不同有所差异。以上结果表明 ,干旱处理明显降低小麦花后同化物输入籽粒量 ,而渍水处理则明显降低花前贮藏氮素再运转和花后同化氮素输入籽粒?Four winter wheat( Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes differing in grain protein content, Heixiaomai 76, Wanmai 38, Yangmai 10 and Yangmai 9, were used in pot experiment in greenhouse to investigate the effects of drought (Soil relative water content, SRWC=45%-50%), waterlogging and moderate soil water status (SRWC=75%-80%) after anthesis on net photosynthesis and chlorophyll contents of flag leaves, remobilization of assimilates stored before anthesis, transportation of post-anthesis assimilates, and contents and yields of starch and protein in grain at maturity. It was found that the photosynthetic active duration (PAD) and the relative steady phase of chlorophyll content( RSP) of flag leaves of four wheat genotypes were shortened by both drought and waterlogging. Values of PAD and RSP declined from CK, via waterlogging then drought. The remobilization rate of pre-anthesis stored assimilates was the highest for CK, while the lowest for waterlogging. The amounts of post-anthesis assimilates and accumulated nitrogen transferring into grain were declined as CK>waterlogging>drought and CK>drought>waterlogging, respectively. The yield of grain protein significantly decreased at 5% level with the order of CK> drought > waterlogging in four wheat genotypes. The contents of grain protein increased significantly under drought, but had no significant difference between CK and waterlogging. Compared with CK, starch yield significantly decreased under drought and waterlogging in four wheat genotypes, but starch content was various among four wheat genotypes. These results showed that the amount of post-anthesis assimilates transferring into grain decreased distinctly under drought, while the remobilization of pre-anthesis stored nitrogen and the transferring of post-anthesis accumulated nitrogen into grain declined distinctly under waterlogging, which led to differences in protein and starch contents of wheat grains under post-anthesis drought and waterlogging. It is inferred that the transferring of post-anthesis accumulat

关 键 词：开花后期 干旱 渍水 冬小麦 光合特性 物质运转 

分 类 号：S512.110.1[农业科学—作物学]