国际海上货物运输中“火灾”事故适用法律研究  

Study on the legal application of fire accidents in the international carriage of goods by sea

作　　者：余妙宏[1] YU Miao-hong(Law School,Zhejiang Wanli University,Ningbo 315100,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江万里学院法学院,浙江宁波315100

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2019年第1期74-81,共8页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

摘　　要：在国际海上运输途中货物发生火灾,造成船舶与货物的损失,除非能证明承运人本人有过失,否则承运人对火灾所致的货物单独海损免除责任,因火灾所致的共同海损由各受益人分摊,但承运人能否就火灾给船舶造成的损失向收货人索赔或者主张货物的留置权要根据货方有无责任而定,行使货物留置权需要严格符合法定条件。当海上运输货物发生火灾危及船货安全时,船方应及时宣布共同海损,同时船货双方应本着合作态度尽快明确火灾原因以分清责任,承运人宜接受担保,应避免行使货物留置权。In the event of fire in the cargo causing partial loss of the ship and the cargo,unless it can be proved that the carrier is at fault,he is exempted from liability for the particular damage,the general average will be shared by the beneficiaries.However,whether the carrier can claim damages from the consignee for the damage caused by the fire or claim the lien on the goods depends on the liability of the cargo owner. The right to exercise the lien must strictly meet the statutory conditions.When fire in the cargo jeopardizes the safety of the common adventure,the shipowner shall promptly declare general average,while at the same time,the shipowner and the cargo owner shall promptly find out the cause of fire in order to determine the responsibility. The shipowner shall accept the guarantee and avoid the exercise of lien.

关 键 词：国际海上货物运输 火灾 货物留置权 适用法律 

分 类 号：D996.19[政治法律—经济法学]