塔里木河干流区天然植被的空间分布及生态需水  

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Ecological Water Requirement of Natural Vegetation along the Mainstream of the Tarim River

作　　者：白元[1,2,3] 徐海量[1] 凌红波[1,2] 王希义[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]新疆维吾尔自治区安全科学技术研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2014年第5期1410-1416,共7页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171427;31370551;41101534);水利部公益性行业科研专项(201101049)资助

摘　　要：塔里木河流域荒漠河岸林具有重要的生态、经济和社会效益。本文以塔里木河干流的荒漠河岸林系统为对象,借助于卫星遥感、GIS等技术,研究塔里木河干流区各河段天然植被分布特征,应用缓冲区梯度分析方法对林地分布结构和生态需水进行分析。结果表明:(1)塔里木河干流区天然植被面积为146.1×104 hm2,占研究区总面积的35.18%;北岸天然植被面积较南岸多46.34×104 hm2。(2)塔里木河干流区荒漠河岸林分布随距离河道的增加呈波动下降趋势。在影响保护带、基本保护带和重点保护带下,天然植被保护范围分别为4.7~30.1km、2.2~24.2km和0.8~12.3km。(3)塔里木河干流区天然植被总的生态需水量为21.932×108 m3,在重点保护带、基本保护带和影响保护带下,生态需水量分别为9.56×108 m3、14.97×108 m3和19.08×108 m3。根据荒漠河岸林的分布特征和保护目标,对塔里木河干流用水作统一规划和协调是符合实际的生态治理措施。The Tarim River riparian forest is highly prized in the Tarim Basin for its great ecological,economic and social benefits.In a lot of analysis,on the basis of remote sensing,GIS for technical and field surveying support,study on the distribution characteristics of natural vegetation and the water requirement were done by using the methods of buffer analysis.The results show that:(1)The area of natural vegetation is 146.1×104 hm2(35.18%of the total).The width and abundance of natural vegetation of north bank is larger than that of south bank.(2)The desert riparian forests show a spatially exhibit zonal distribution of centering around river,the distribution of desert riparian forest showed downtrend along with far from the riverbed.The scope of protection of the natural vegetation separate were 4.7~30.1 km,2.2~24.2 km and0.8~12.3 km in the effect band,basic band,key band.(3)The total ecological water requirement of natural vegetation was 21.932×108 m3 water,the ecological water requirement of the key band,basic band,effect band were 9.56×108 m3,14.97×108 m3 and 19.08×108 m3,respectively.According to the distribution characteristics of the desert riparian forest and conservation goals,unified plan and coordinate of water resources should be actual ecological management measures.

关 键 词：天然植被 空间分布 生态需水 塔里木河 

分 类 号：Q948.11[生物学—植物学]