迁地保护条件下4种沙拐枣(Calligonum)的花部特征和传粉特性  

Floral Syndrome and Pollination Characteristics of four Calligonum Species(Polygonaceae)under ex-situ Conservation

作　　者：康晓珊[1,2] 索菲亚[3] 段士民[1,2] 潘伯荣[1,2] 张永智[2] 田聪[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所吐鲁番沙漠植物园,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [3]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830046 [4]新疆畜牧科学院草业研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2015年第5期1239-1247,共9页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31200237;41271069)

摘　　要：通过观测花器官、开花动态、花粉胚珠比、访花昆虫,对生长在吐鲁番沙漠植物园的4种沙拐枣(Calligonum)的花部特征和传粉特性进行研究。结果表明:4种沙拐枣均具两性花,但花部各器官的颜色、大小等在种间存在一定差异;单花开放动态相似,花粉序次呈现;花香气主要来自于花药和花托;花粉为"淀粉质";花粉胚珠比值31 000~44 750,需要传粉者,虫媒和风媒并存;意大利蜂为主要有效的传粉昆虫,为典型的高移出低沉降;花粉序次呈现、意大利蜂较高的访花频率及重复拜访有利于提高传粉效率;花粉数量和品质不是造成果实无胚率高的原因,可能是由自身花粉阻塞和资源限制造成的,还有待于进一步研究。The flower and pollination characteristics of four Calligonum L.species cultivated in the Turpan Eremophyte Botanical Garden were investigated by measurement of floral organs,observation of flowering dynamics,pollen ovule ratio and behaviors of pollinators.The main results are as follows:The flowers of the four species are bisexual.Differences are founded in the color and size of flowers among species.The flowering dynamics for singular flower is identical,with pollens gradually presented.The fragrance is mainly from anther and receptacle.Their pollens are the 'starch' pollen,with the P/O value ranged 31 000-44 750.The pollinators are essential for pollen dispersal and the entomoplily and anemophily are two main intermediaries.The most effective pollinators are Apis mellifera,which are typical high removed and low deposited.High visiting frequency and repeated visits increase the pollination efficiency significantly.The quantity and quality of pollens have no matter with high inembryonate rate,and it might be caused by the pollen clogging and resource limitations.The mechanism of high inembryonate rate is still not clear and needed further study.

关 键 词：沙拐枣属(Calligonum) 迁地保护 花部特征 传粉特征 

分 类 号：S793.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]