肿瘤患者的味觉变化  

Taste alterations in cancer patients

作　　者：王硕 许可敏 刘江南 石汉平[2] 

机构地区：[1]纽迪希亚制药(无锡)有限公司研发部,无锡214111 [2]中国科学院北京转化医学研究院/航空总医院外科,北京100012

出　　处：《肿瘤代谢与营养电子杂志》2015年第4期69-75,共7页Electronic Journal of Metabolism and Nutrition of Cancer

摘　　要：目的肿瘤患者的味觉变化是一种常见症状。这一症状的表现形式和产生机制是多样且复杂化的。通过文献查找,作者发现在中国针对肿瘤患者味觉变化的研究到目前为止极为欠缺。在对肿瘤患者的护理过程中也往往忽视了味觉变化带来的影响。本文综述肿瘤相关的味觉变化的形式,机理,这些变化对患者的影响以及缓解这些变化的方法。方法作者在Pub Med中对截至到2015年7月的与肿瘤患者味觉改变相关的文献进行了查找,共检索出88篇期刊及会议文章。结果肿瘤相关的味觉变化是多样性的,包括味觉敏度与质量的改变、厌食以及口腔干燥等。引起这些变化的原因包括感觉器官受损、神经活性失常、口腔黏膜炎以及锌的缺乏等等。味觉变化会引发患者体重丢失并严重影响患者的生活质量。从保护器官、药物治疗等方面入手可以缓解某些症状,同时对患者进行自我护理的相关教育也是一种有效帮助患者克服味觉变化不良影响的方法。结论味觉变化在肿瘤患者中是普遍存在的,这一症状影响了患者的营养状态及生活质量,针对这些症状机理的进一步研究以及针对性护理是非常必要的。Objective Taste alterations (TAs) are common symptoms in cancer patients. The mechanisms of cancer-related TAs are complex. By literature search, we found that the related research in China was very limited. The impact of TAs to patients was often ignored during the cancer clinical care. The objective of this article is to investigate the symptoms, mechanisms, impact and treatment of cancer-related TAs.Methods Literature search for cancer-related TAs was performed in PubMed up to July 2015, resulting 88 articles. We picked up the key information from each article and integrate them together into every conclusion.Results Symptoms of cancer-related TAs including changes in taste acuity& taste quality, food aversion and xerostomia. Mechanisms of TAs could be damages in sensory receptor cells, abnormal neuronal activity, mucositis and zinc depletion. TAs has impact on patient’s weight loss and quality of life. Treatment methods include protection of healthy tissue, medication therapy, educations and self-care strategies.Conclusions TAs are very common symptoms in cancer patients. The symptoms can strongly impact patient’s nutritional status and quality of life. Personalized treatment strategies are necessary in the clinical cares of cancer patients.

关 键 词：肿瘤 味觉改变 

分 类 号：R473.73[医药卫生—护理学]