1999-2011年海南岛雷电灾害特征分析  

Characteristic analysis of lightning disaster in Hainan Island from 1999 to 2011

作　　者：高燚[1] 周方聪[1] 劳小青[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南省防雷中心,海南海口570203

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2014年第5期253-262,共10页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：海南省重点科技计划项目(ZDXM20120057);海南省气象局科技创新项目(HN2012TDA16;HN2012TDA17)

摘　　要：利用全国雷电灾害汇编数据,结合人工观测雷暴资料、闪电定位资料和海南省统计年鉴数据,统计分析了1999至2011年海南岛的雷电灾害特征。结果表明:1999至2011年间,海南岛共上报了727起雷电灾害事故,导致了405人伤亡,其中死亡157人,受伤248人,雷击人员伤亡比率为1.58∶1;海南岛雷灾事故主要发生在4至9月的午后13至18时,这与海南岛的雷电活动规律一致;海南岛雷灾事故发生最多的依次是海口和琼中;人员伤亡雷灾事故依次主要发生在田野、简易工棚、农村民居、水域和树下;财产损失雷灾事故最频繁发生在电力、石化等五大行业,占总财产损失雷灾事故的22.2%,雷灾造成的直接经济损失中酒店类最多(占34.7%);人员伤亡雷灾和财产损失雷灾与雷暴日的相关性不显著,但与生命易损模数和经济易损模数呈现较好的正相关。Characteristics of the lightning disaster in Hainan Island from 1999 to 2011 were statistically analyzed by using nation- wide lightning disaster data,thunderstorm data,lightning location data,and statistical yearbook of Hainan Province. Results show that,727 lightning disaster accidents were reported from 1999 to 2011,which result in 405 casualties including 157 deaths and 248 injuries; the lightning casualty ratio is 1. 58∶ 1. The lightning disasters of Hainan Island mainly occur between 1: 00 pm and 6: 00 pm from April to September,which agrees with the lightning activity of Hainan Island. Haikou and Qiongzhong have the most lightning disaster accidents.Lightning disasters with casualty usually occur in field,simple shed,rural residence,water area and under the tree in sequence. Lightning disasters with damages occur most frequently in the power,petrochemical industries and three other industries,which account for 22. 2% of the lightning disaster with damage. The hotels account for the largest proportion( 34. 7%) of the direct economic losses caused by the lightning disasters. Lightning disasters with casualty and damages have no significant correlation with thunderstorm days,but lightning disasters with casualty and damage are positively correlated with life fragile module and economic vulnerability module.

关 键 词：雷电灾害 雷灾时空分布 雷击人员伤亡 雷击财产损失 

分 类 号：P429[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]