栖息地质量对两种网蛱蝶集合种群结构和分布的影响  

Impact of habitat quality on metapopulation structure and distribution of two me litaeine butterfly species

作　　者：陈洁君[1] 王义飞[1] 雷光春[2] 王戎疆[2] 徐汝梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室,北京100875 [2]北京大学生命科学学院,北京100871

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2004年第1期59-66,共8页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目( 3989336 0 );教育部项目 ( 2 72 0 0 7)

摘　　要：在河北省赤城县研究了栖息地质量对大网蛱蝶Melitaeaphoebe和金堇蛱蝶Euphydryasaurinia两种网蛱蝶集合种群结构和分布的影响。这两种网蛱蝶在约 10km2 的区域内共存 ,成虫期的蜜源植物几乎相同 ,大网蛱蝶的发生峰期比金堇蛱蝶晚约一个月 ,两者只有不到一周左右的时间重叠。大网蛱蝶和金堇蛱蝶幼虫的寄主植物分别是 :祁州漏芦 (菊科 )和华北蓝盆花(川续断科 )。蜜源植物的丰度与两种网蛱蝶的局域种群大小呈正相关 ;祁州漏芦的密度对大网蛱蝶的局域种群大小影响很大 ,金堇蛱蝶的局域种群大小则与其寄主植物华北蓝盆花的高度正相关 ;斑块内平均植被高度与两种网蛱蝶的局域种群大小均呈正相关 ,植物多样性、植物均匀性和植被盖度均与金堇蛱蝶的局域种群大小负相关 ,与大网蛱蝶的关系不大。同时分析了其他因子如斑块的坡向、坡度等的影响。主要结论是 :1)幼虫寄主植物的不同和成蝶飞行峰期的分离允许两种网蛱蝶在这样一个小的斑块区域内共存 ;2 )蜜源是重要的限制因子 ,并且受气候随机性的影响很大 ,蜜源的波动可以很好地解释网蛱蝶集合种群在年度间的动态变化 ;3 )大网蛱蝶和金堇蛱蝶的飞行、食物搜寻能力的不同以及各自寄主植物的生物学特性、空间分布的不同决定了它们具有不同的集合种群结构We studied the impact of habitat quality factors on the metapopulation structure and distribution, and thus the persistence of two species of melitaei ne butterflies, Melitaea phoebe and Euphydryas aurinia, on a metapopulat ion scal e in Chicheng County, Hebei Province, China. These two species coexist in a netw ork of discrete habitat patches within a range of 10 km^2, larvae feeding on th ei r specific host plants Stemmacantha uniflora (Compositae) and Scabiosa tsc hiliensis (Dipsacaceae) respectively. However, their nectar resources are almo st the same during the adult flight period. The main flight period for E. auri nia is about one month earlier than M. phoebe, with an overlap of only abo ut seven days. T he host plants of these two melitaeine butterflies also have a great impact on t heir occurrence, but act in different ways. Density of the host plant has a grea t effect on the occurrence of M. phoebe, whereas the height of the host plan t is important for E. aurinia. The abundance and distribution of nectar resources ar e positively correlated to the abundance and distribution of the two butterfly s pecies. The vegetation diversity, evenness, and cover correlate negatively with the occurrence of E. aurinia, but not related to M. phoebe, while the ve getation height has a positive effect on the two butterfly species. We have also conside red and discussed the impact of slope aspect, gradient, and irradiation of the h abitat patches. Therefore, when discussing the factors affecting metapopulation structure and dynamics, we should pay attention not only to the patch size and i solation but also the quality differences among patches. Four major points can b e well concluded: 1) The specificity of larval host plants and the time segrega t ion of adult feeding permit the co_existence of the two species in this small an d patchy system. 2) The nectar resource is a major limiting factor and prone to being affected by weather stochasticity. The fluctuations in nectar resources ca n explain the dynamic rises and

关 键 词：网蛱蝶 大网蛱蝶 金堇蛱蝶 集合种群 栖息地质量 寄主植物 蜜源 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]