虚实字说与中国古代“语法主义”诗学的终结  

Theory on Shi Zi and Xu Zi and the Demise of Chinese Ancient “Grammar Doctrine” Poetics

作　　者：刘竞飞 LIU Jingfei(Faculty of Arts,Changchun Normal University,Changchun,Jilin 130032)

机构地区：[1]长春师范大学文学院,吉林长春130032

出　　处：《中国文学研究》2019年第1期64-71,共8页Research of Chinese Literature

基　　金：吉林省社会科学基金项目(2016B285);吉林省教育厅"十三五"社会科学项目(吉教科文合字[2016]第401号;第412号);长春师范大学社会科学项目(长师大社科合字[2015]第009号)

摘　　要：自宋代诗学中兴起的虚字实字理论,不仅体现了宋人将唐人的描述型诗学推向理论演绎型诗学的学术努力,更与元明之际诗歌史的建构过程密切相关。宋人诗学中的虚实字论,承继了汉人释经以明字义为本的传统,但也包含着语法学中辨明词类的思想因素。这种以明辨词类为基础的技术性理论被明代文人发展到了极端,因此蕴显出了某种决定论式的"语法主义"的理论可能。但随着时代的发展,这种理论可能最终还是被淹灭在了西学东渐的浪潮之中。"虚字""实字"逐渐蜕变为纯粹的语法学的分类,不再和诗歌的美学层面相勾联,中国传统诗学中的虚实字论也因之而消结。The theory of Shi Zi and Xu Zi,which has arisen since the poetics in the Song Dynasty,not only reflected the academic efforts of the Song people pushing the descriptive poetics of the Tang Dynasty to the theoretical deductive one but also had a close relationship with the construction process of the history of poetry in the Yuan and Ming dynasties. The theory of Shi Zi and Xu Zi in the poetics of Song Dynasty inherited the tradition of clearing the meanings of the characters by interpretations of the poetics,but it also contained the ideological factors of distinguishing categories of words in the study of grammar. This kind of technical theory,which was based on distinguishing categories of words,was developed to the extreme level by the literati in Ming Dynasty. Therefore,some deterministic theories of 'Grammar Doctrine'were probably revealed. However,with the development of the times,this theory may eventually be drowned out in the tide of western learning to the east.'Shi Zi'and'Xu Zi'gradually degenerated into the classification of pure grammar,and no longer linked with the aesthetic aspect of poetry,and the theory of 'Shi Zi'and 'Xu Zi'in Chinese traditional poetics had also been eliminated.

关 键 词：虚字 实字 语法 诗学 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]