施用预处理稻秆的土壤供氮特征及对冬小麦氮吸收的影响  

Effects of application of pretreated rice straw on soil nitrogen supply and nitrogen uptake by winter wheat

作　　者：张娟 沈其荣[1] 张亚丽[1] 曹金留[1] 冉炜[1] 褚贵新[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资环学院农业部作物生长与调控重点实验室,南京210095

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2004年第1期24-28,共5页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(39830220);国家科技部863项目(2001AA246091)资助。

摘　　要：采用盆栽试验方法,研究了经过预处理的水稻秸秆(预处理稻秆)施入土壤后对土壤的供氮特征及小麦氮营养的影响。研究结果表明,稻秆经过预处理后,纤维素、半纤维素以及二氧化硅比原始稻秆都有所降低,而可溶性物质增加;施用时配施无机氮肥,小麦全生育期内土壤微生物量N和矿质态N平均分别比对照(纯土壤)提高232 3%和66 0%,小麦干物重和吸收总氮量分别比对照高56 3%和124 3%,并优于未经处理的原始秸秆及单施尿素处理。可见处理秸秆配施尿素能够显著改善土壤的供氮状况,促进小麦对氮素的吸收,增加小麦产量,提高化学肥料氮的利用率。Pot experiments were carried out to study the effect of application of chemically pretreated rice straw (TS) on soil N supply and N uptake by winter wheat in sandy fluvo-aquic soil. Results showed that the amount of cellulose, semi-cellulose and the silicon dioxide was decreased after the rice straw was pretreated. However the water-soluble matter of the pretreated rice straw was increased. Compared with control (CK), application of the pretreated rice straw combined with inorganic fertilizer could increase soil microbial biomass N by 232.3% and mineral N by 66.0% on average during the whole growth stage of the winter wheat. Dry weight of the winter wheat and N absorbed by the wheat were also increased by 56.3% and 124.3% on average, respectively. But there was not so remarkable effect on the supply of available N of the soil in the pots and N uptake by winter wheat in the treatments with application of untreated rice straw as those treatments applied with pretreated straw. In conclusion, it was more efficient that combined application of pretreated straw with inorganic fertilizer could improve soil N supply modes and increase wheat yield and nitrogen use rate.

关 键 词：预处理稻秆 土壤供氮特征 冬小麦 氮吸收 盆栽试验 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]