论中国古代以广州为起点的“海上丝绸之路”的发展  

A Study on the Development of the Silk Sea Route which Starting with the City Guangzhou during the Ancient Period of China

作　　者：曾昭璇[1] 曾新[2] 曾宪珊 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学地理系,广东广州510631 [2]广州市地方志办公室,广东广州510130 [3]广州青年培训学院,广东广州510130

出　　处：《中国历史地理论丛》2003年第2期66-77,共12页Journal of Chinese Historical Geography

摘　　要：本文依据海上交通史料 ,以广州城为主要论述线索 ,全面阐述了海上丝绸之路的历史发展过程 ,认为广州是我国海上丝调之路的最早始发港和海岸城市。徐闻和泉州是在特定条件下 ,如徐闻在番禺城烧毁 ,南越国灭后的外贸中成为新兴始发港 ;泉州是南宋偏安后 ,朝廷特别经营下成为超广州的外贸中心 ,全国最大的外贸城市。在徐闻、泉州兴盛时 ,广州外贸并未消失 。In ancient China, Guangzhou was called Nan Wu Town (a southern powerful town 314 B.C. -256 B. C. ) and later it was called Fan Yu. This small town was built at gate of Chu Ting, which was built in 339 B.C.. At that time it was occupied by the Chu Nation ( the strongest nation of the Six Nations in the Chun Qiu period, 770 B. C. - 476 B. C. ). The Nan Wu town marked the beginning of foreign trade, but the sea route was not clear yet.The Silk Sea Route was made clear at Han dynasty, and was developed at Tang and Song dynasty. There were some copper boats sailing between Canton and Indo - China in Tang dynasty. And in Song dynasty, Canton trade ships could sail across the Indian Ocean. It took one year to sail from Canton to Red sea and return back.After Song dynasty, the Silk Sea Route was extended to the cities in the north of Canton, such as Quan Zhou, Ning Bo etc . Once Guang Zhou was more prosperous than Canton for a short period of time.At Yuan dynasty, Canton was also the head port of foreign trade of the Silk Sea Route. The Fu Su, an outer port of Canton, did not declined as the result of wars.In the Ming dynasty, the great treasured fleet of Zheng He (more than 200 boats, among which there were 62 boats which were 148 metres in length and 60 metres in width ) according to this Silk Sea Route sailed to Eastern Africa and Red Sea. It was a great event in the ancient history of the world's communications.

关 键 词：中国 广州 “海上丝绸之路” 泉州 对外贸易 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]