超低温高速混合式陶瓷轴承性能研究  

Performance of hybrid ceramic bearing at cryogenic and high-speed condition

作　　者：古乐[1] 王黎钦[1] 齐毓霖[1] 苏为民 钱宗德 郑亚青 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学机械设计系,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [2]航天工业总公司,发动机研究所北京100076

出　　处：《哈尔滨工业大学学报》2004年第2期157-159,共3页Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50275031);航天科技创新基金(HITX0106).

摘　　要：为了改善超低温轴承在高速重载下的运转性能,利用混合式Si3N4陶瓷球轴承取代现有的9Cr18钢球轴承.对2种轴承工作在dm@n值为2.14×106 mm@r/min和最高2 360MPa接触应力条件下的运转性能参数进行了理论计算与分析.结果表明,混合式轴承中球的离心力不到钢轴承球的1/2,并且各球之间的差异以及球与套圈滚道接触角的变化明显小于全钢轴承,陀螺力矩和旋滚比也远小于全钢轴承.对轴承中球/环材料摩擦配副在常温和LN2环境中的摩擦学性能进行了试验测试,表明Si3N4/9Cr18配副的摩擦系数始终比9Cr18/9Cr18配副稳定,且Si3N4球与9Cr18钢盘之间不会出现严重的粘着现象.在LN2环境高速轴承台架上的考核中全钢轴承寿命不到8 min,而混合式轴承寿命超过了120min,充分说明了在该工况下混合式轴承具有更优越的综合性能.To enhance the performances of cryogenic bearings operating in high speed under heavy load, hybrid bearings with silicon nitride ceramic balls are used to replace the all-steel bearings with 9Crl8 stainless steel balls. The theoretical calculation and analyses of operating parameters for both hybrid and all-steel bearings at the dm&middotn value of 2.14×106 mm&middotr/min and maximum contact press of 2360 MPa are given. The results show that the centrifugal forces of balls in hybrid bearings are less than half of those in all-steel bearings, and their difference among all balls is small while those change is in a large range in all-steel bearings. The same trend is the differences of contact angles between ball and rings. The gyroscopic torque, spin-roll ratio in hybrid bearings and their range among balls are smaller than those in all-steel bearings. The ball-to-disc tribological test between ball and ring materials without lubricant both in air and in liquid nitride shows that the pair of silicon nitride ball and 9Crl8 stainless disc has steady friction coefficient and no severe adhesion while the pair of 9Crl8 stainless ball and 9Crl8 stainless disc display bad friction property and severe adhesions. The synthesis performance tests of hybrid bearings and all-steel bearings are conducted in liquid nitrogen on the high-speed bearing tester. The all-steel bearings endured less than 8 minutes while the hybrid bearings operated for more than 120 minutes.

关 键 词：超低温 高速混合式陶瓷轴承 摩擦学性能 火箭 发动机 涡轮泵 滚动轴承 

分 类 号：V431[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程] TH133.334[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]