空间逆布雷顿循环制冷机浅析  

The Development of Turbo-Brayton Cryocooler for Space Applications

作　　者：孙烨[1] 侯予[1] 黑丽民[1] 陈纯正[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学低温工程研究所,710049

出　　处：《低温与超导》2004年第1期48-51,共4页Cryogenics and Superconductivity

基　　金：国防科学技术工业委员会民用航天预研技术发展基金资助项目;国家自然科学基金资助项目 (5 0 2 0 6 0 15 )

摘　　要：采用微型全动压气体轴承透平机械和金属紧凑式换热器的空间逆布雷顿循环制冷机 ,可获得 10 K～ 70 K温度级 1～ 5 W的冷量 ,是空间应用领域内热力循环性能系数最好的制冷机之一。而且具有无振动、长寿命的优点。通过对逆布雷顿循环制冷机系统和部件的改进 ,还可实现 4 .2 K～ 10 K温度下 m W级的冷量。文中主要分析了单级逆布雷顿循环制冷机的系统及主要部件 。Mechanical cryocooler based on the Turbo Reverse-Brayton Cycle (TRBC) has been developed for space applications until recently. Low Temperature Reverse Brayton Cryocooler (LTRBC) employs miniature high-speed turbo-machinery with self-acting gas bearings and compact metal heat exchangers as the main components to provide high cycle efficiency and reliability. Single stage LTRBC can provide a cooling load of 1～5W at the temperature between 10K～70K. Negligible vibration and long life (>5 years) are the favorite features of LTRBC. Through the improvements of the key elements, LTRBC can achieve the cooling load of 10 -3 ～10 -1 W at the temperature between 4.2K～10K. The important characteristics of the key components and the development of LTRBC technology are discussed in this paper.

关 键 词：逆布雷顿循环 制冷机 制冷量 空间制冷技术 透平膨胀机 换热器 

分 类 号：TB651[一般工业技术—制冷工程] V4-1[航空宇航科学技术]