大气颗粒物污染特征研究  

The Characteristics of Atmospheric Particulate Matter

作　　者：徐东群[1] 张文丽[1] 王焱[1] 张玮[1] 覃今胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100021

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2004年第1期7-9,共3页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 (项目号 :2 0 0 770 33)

摘　　要：目的　探讨并比较不同来源颗粒物的污染特征。方法　选择北京和太原的两个采样点 ,采用TSP -PM10 -PM2 5 -2型颗粒物分级采样器并配以玻璃纤维滤膜采集大气颗粒物 ,测定不同季节不同条件下日常及沙尘暴爆发时气溶胶的质量浓度、粒径分布 ;采用高效液相色谱仪分离并测定沙尘暴及日常气溶胶尤其是细颗粒物中的苯并〔a〕芘 ,采用原子吸收分光光度法测定细颗粒物上铅的浓度。结果　太原和北京的PM10分别为 0 40 1mg/m3 和 0 2 2 6mg/m3 ,TSP分别为 0 5 5 1mg/m3 和 0 3 81mg/m3 ,均超过我国空气质量二级标准 0 15mg/m3 和 0 3 0mg/m3 。太原和北京的PM2 5分别为 0 2 75mg/m3 和 0 169mg/m3 ,均超过美国EPA细颗粒物空气质量标准 0 0 65mg/m3 。沙尘暴期间和非沙尘暴期间北京的PM2 5分别为 0 3 73mg/m3 和 0 165mg/m3 ;苯并〔a〕芘浓度分别为 1 3 8ng/m3 和 7 7ng/m3 。结论我国北京和太原两城市颗粒物污染严重 ,沙尘暴爆发时更为严重。Objective To compare the characteristics of atmospheric particulate matter from different source. Methods The samples of particulate matter were collected using a medium-volume sampler.After sampling,the average mass concentration and size distribution of particulate matter were analyzed during dust storm and non-dust storm.The concentration of B(a)P was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography.The concentration of Pb was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results The average mass concentration of PM10 for Taiyuan and Beijing city were 0.401 mg/m 3 and 0.226 mg/m 3,respectively.The average mass concentration of TSP for Taiyuan and Beijing city were 0.551 mg/m 3 and 0.381 mg/m 3,respectively.Those values were more than 0.15 mg/m 3 and 0.30 mg/m 3,respectively,which China EPA enacted in air quality standards of PM10 and TSP.The average mass concentration of PM2.5 for Taiyuan and Beijing city were 0.275 mg/m 3 and 0.169 mg/m 3,respectively.Those values were more than 0.065 mg/m 3,which US EPA enacted in air quality standards of fine particles.The average mass concentration of PM2.5 for Beijing both dust storm and non-dust storm were 0.373 mg/m 3 and 0.165mg/m 3,respectilely.The averaye concentration of B(a)P were 1.38 ng/m 3 and 7.7 ng/m 3,respectively. Conclusions The air pollution of particulate matter in Taiyuan and Beijing city is very heavy,especially during dust storms.

关 键 词：大气颗粒物 污染特征 细颗粒物 苯并芘 悬浮颗粒物 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]