岩相古地理研究与油气勘探  

Application of lithofacies palaeogeography in petroleum exploration

作　　者：朱筱敏[1] 杨俊生[1] 张喜林[1] 

机构地区：[1]石油大学资源与信息学院,北京102249

出　　处：《古地理学报》2004年第1期101-109,共9页Journal of Palaeogeography：Chinese Edition

摘　　要：古地理学已具有 2 0 0余年的悠久历史。它的发生、发展与沉积学和地层学的发展密切相关。古地理学的理论发展和相关的技术进步在勘探开发沉积矿产资源等方面发挥了重要作用 ,开拓了在河流、三角洲及滑塌浊积扇、深水重力流沉积、滩坝、礁以及碳酸盐岩建隆中找油的新领域。中国岩相古地理的研究为推动油气资源勘探开发起到了不可替代的作用 ,已在不同地区和地质层位中找到了极为丰富的油气资源。中国含油气盆地油气勘探表明 ,岩相古地理控制了油气成藏的基本要素组合和油气资源的分布 ,地层和岩性圈闭的发育和分布受控于古地理条件的改变。中国原油地质储量的 13%、 5 5 3%和 12 6 %分别分布在河流、三角洲和水下扇的沉积物中。讨论了未来岩相古地理研究应采取的指导思想、工作方法和面临的重要科学问题 ,指出多信息、多尺度。The history of palaeogeography is over 200 years,and its origin and development are closely related with the development of stratigraphy and sedimentology. New palaeogeographic theory and technical progress play very important roles in exploration and development of sedimentary mineral resources.During the development of sedimentology, the new fields of petroleum exploration have been found in special sedimentary facies, such as fluvial, delta, slump turbidite fan ,gravity flow deposit and carbonate buildups. A lot of results of the Chinese palaeogeographic researches have been obtained and play important roles in Chinese petroleum exploration and development. Great petroleum resources have been found in different geologic strata and regions in China. The practices of Chinese petroleum exploration show that the different sedimentary environments control the basic condition of petroleum formation and oil-gas occurrence in China.The development and distribution of lithologic and stratigraphic traps are controlled by the changes of the palaeogeographic conditions. The 13%, 55.3% and 12.6% of Chinese total petroleum geological reserves respectively exist in fluvial, delta and subaqueous fan sandbodies.The paper also discusses the theories, methods,technologies for the future study of Chinese palaeogeography,and important science problems in palaeogeography we will meet in the future. Lastly,it points out that the multi-information,multi-size,multi-dimension and digital study of sedimentary palaeogeography will play important roles in the future exploration and development and comprehensive exploitation of sedimentary mineral resources.

关 键 词：岩相古地理 油气勘探 沉积学 地层学 

分 类 号：P531[天文地球—古生物学与地层学] P618.13[天文地球—地质学]