热塑性淀粉的制备及其结构与性能  

Preparation, Property and Morphology of Thermoplastic Starch

作　　者：柳明珠[1] 刘再满[1] 丁生龙[1] 刘锴[1] 李社青[2] 张立基[2] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学化学化工学院 [2]中国石油兰州石化公司化工研究院

出　　处：《应用化学》2004年第3期235-238,共4页Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry

基　　金：家自然科学基金 (2 9810 760 15 5 )资助项目

摘　　要：在甘油、尿素和水存在下 ,玉米淀粉在密炼机中可加工成热塑性淀粉。研究了甘油及尿素的用量对淀粉塑化性能的影响 ,用X射线衍射仪对热塑性淀粉的结晶性能进行了研究。结果表明 ,在甘油、尿素及水的作用下 ,高温、剪切力使淀粉微晶结构受到了破坏 ,转变为易加工的热塑性淀粉。尿素用量越大 ,淀粉微晶结构被破坏程度越高 ;甘油用量越大 ,热塑性淀粉的拉伸强度越小 ,断裂伸长率越大。在甘油 /淀粉质量比为0 2 0～ 0 4 0时 ,热塑性淀粉均表现为假塑性流体 ,且甘油用量越大 ,表观粘度越小 ,流动性越好。热塑性淀粉的生物降解速度比新闻纸张快 ,将其和聚乙烯共混可加工成透明薄膜。Thermoplastic starch was prepared from corn-starch in a batch-mixer in the presence of glycerol, urea and water. The effects of glycerol and urea amounts on the plasticity of thermoplastic starch were studied. The crystallinity change of starch samples was studied by XRD. The results showed that the crystalline structure of the starch was destroyed during processing, and an easy processing thermoplastic starch was obtained. The crystallinity of thermoplastic starch decreased with the increase of urea amount. Increasing glycerol amount results in the loss of tensile strength, but the enhancement of elongation at break of the product. When the mass ratio of glycerol to starch was 0.20～0.40, the apparent viscosity decreased with increase in glycerol amount, and all of the thermoplastic starches become pseudoplastic fluids. The thermoplastic starch exibited better biodegradability than news paper. The thermoplastic starch/polyethylene blends can be blown into transparent films.

关 键 词：热塑性淀粉 制备 流变性能 生物降解 

分 类 号：O636.1[理学—高分子化学] TQ325.1[理学—化学]