新疆焉耆盆地土壤盐渍化特征分析  

Characteristics Analysis of Soil Salinization in Yanqi Basin of Xinjiang Wei Autonomous Region

作　　者：刘延锋[1] 靳孟贵[1] 金英春[2] 曹英兰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学环境学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]新疆水利水电勘测设计研究院地质勘察研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2004年第1期49-52,共4页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助课题(20020491011)

摘　　要：焉耆盆地土壤盐渍化日趋严重,直接影响当地农业发展和生态环境建设。作者运用统计特征值、趋势面分析等方法,探讨了焉耆盆地土壤含盐量、盐分化学组成及其空间分布特征。结果发现:(1)除戈壁砾石带外,区内有近60%的土地处于强盐渍化和盐土状态,且主要为氯化物-硫酸盐型盐渍化;(2)荒地土壤的含盐量远大于农田区土壤;(3)表层土壤盐分具有从扇缘到湖滨逐渐增加的趋势,在灌区内土壤盐分随灌溉和排水而呈现季节性变化,但整体上处于脱盐状态。区内土壤盐渍化是在自然和人类活动共同作用下形成的,通过节水灌溉、合理开发地下水、完善灌排系统等措施可有效地改良盐渍土。Soil salinization is a serious problem in Yanqi basin, Xinjiang Wei Autonomous Region, and the agricultural development and the ecological environment are threatened. Based on analysis of the chemical composition of salt-affected soil and statistical analysis of its spatial distribution, it is concluded that: (1) the salt type involved in soil salinization is chlorinate-sulfate and about 60% of land is strong salinizated and saltier; (2) soil salinity is greater in natural areas than in farmland areas; (3) soil salinity increases from the fringe of the torrential fan to the shore of salted lake. In irrigated areas, soil salinity changes seasonally and decreases as a whole because of irrigation and drainage. The reasons for soil salinization include natural factors and human activity. Water-saving irrigation, rational groundwater exploitation and improved irrigation and drainage systems are effective measures to control soil salinization.

关 键 词：焉耆盆地 土壤盐渍化 趋势面分析 

分 类 号：S155.293[农业科学—土壤学]