论先秦秦汉时期的两重君主观  

On the Dual Concept of Monarchy in Pre-Qin and Qin-Han Periods

作　　者：朱子彦[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学历史系,上海200436

出　　处：《史学月刊》2004年第2期19-23,共5页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：《诗经·小雅·北山》中有一条学者经常引用的资料 ,即“溥天之下 ,莫非王土 ,率土之滨 ,莫非王臣”。似乎一元化的君臣名分在西周就确立了 ,其实这与事实不符。稽考史籍 ,先秦社会士的君主观绝非如此 ,甚至到秦汉时期封建大一统局面已经建立 ,君主专制政体已相当完善 ,一部分士大夫还没有把皇帝奉为自己唯一的君主。他们的君主观具有两重性 ,不仅认为皇帝是君 ,举主、府主等人亦可作为“君”。君臣名分多元化乃是先秦秦汉社会的普遍现象。A sentence is often quoted by scholars in“the Book of Songs”:“the territory all over the world is the emperor’s property,all the local-governors are the emperor’s officials”.It seems the centralized relationship between the emperors and the officials has been established from the West Zhou,but the fact is different.According to the historical materials,the officials’ thought of monarchism in the early Qin was absolutely different.Even when the situation of large feudal unification had been established and the absolute monarchy was fairly underway,some officials still did not treat the emperor as their only monarch.Their monarchical concept was plural,they not only treated the emperor as their monarch,but also the master of government office and so on.The multimonarch concept was a ubiquitous situation in the Qin society.

关 键 词：两重君主观 多元化 家臣 养士 门生故吏 

分 类 号：K225[历史地理—历史学] K232[历史地理—中国史]