基于IGBP土地覆盖类型的中国陆地生态系统服务功能价值评估  

Evaluating Ecosystem Service Valuation in China Based on the IGBP Land Cover Datasets

作　　者：毕晓丽[1] 葛剑平[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学生态研究所,北京100875

出　　处：《山地学报》2004年第1期48-53,共6页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家"九七三"计划资助项目(G2000046802)~~

摘　　要：以国际地圈生物圈(IGBP)所提供的1km2分辨率土地覆盖分类数据和Costanza提出的生态系统服务功能价值,对中国陆地及各省市的生态系统服务功能价值进行评估。结果表明:中国陆地生态系统服务价值为40690亿元。与陈仲新所研究结果相比较,总体趋势一致,但价值量要小,原因有二:(1)表现为不同时期的中国陆地生态系统服务价值,经济的发展导致生态环境的恶化是生态系统服务价值降低的直接原因;(2)土地覆盖存在着尺度依赖和分类问题,1km2分辨率的土地覆盖可能会忽略那些面积较小但生态价值很高的土地类型,因此使得计算结果偏小。计算出各省市的生态系统价值均能客观的反映该省的生态环境现状。比较分析各省生态系统服务价值及其1997年的国民生产总值(GDP),发现经济相对发达的省市存在环境质量管理与经济快速发展严重的脱节问题,环境承载能力的大大降低应引起人们的注意。归一化植被指数(NDVI)是土地覆盖分类的依据。探讨了各省典型月份的NDVI值与生态系统服务价值之间的关系,回归分析的复相关系数达0.789,证实了土地覆盖评估生态系统服务价值的可行性。由于测量精度问题及估算方法的不成熟,研究得出生态系统服务价值是一个保守的低值估算,有待于进一步的检验和改进。Based on the 1 km^2 IGBP global land cover dataset, the ecosystem service valuation of China and its provinces were estimatedby, using the Costanza's eco-value. As a result, the eco-value of the whole China was 40 690 hundred million RMB, which was lower than the valuation in by others. Probably there were two reasons: the ecological environment in China was destroyed seriously during 1990s, which led to a lower eco-value. On the other hand, due to the scale dependence of eco-value, the 1 km^2 land cover dataset would overlooked those land types, whose areas were less than 1 km^2 while the eco-value was higher. However, the problem can be solved easily by increasing the resolution.Different classification methods brought about different dataset types. Comparing the GDP with the eco-value of the provinces, we can find that eco-value were less than the GDP,showing that the economic development disjointed with the environment sustainable management.Land cover is used as a proxy for ecosystem service, the value of NDVI were the promise of land classification.At the same time, the authors analyzed the relationship between the NDVI value and the eco-value. The regression model gave a good coefficient ( R ~2=0.789), which showed the assessment of eco-value based on land cover were feasible.Further more, land cover dataset can be used to assess the dynamics eco-value.Because of the measure resolution and the inaccurancy of the calculating method, the eco-value in the paper is a conservative and lower value.

关 键 词：IGBP 土地覆盖 生态系统服务功能价值 NDVI 中国 

分 类 号：P96[天文地球—自然地理学] X3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]