歪水蚤两种生理型卵的季节变化及其温度效应  

Seasonal variation of two physiological types of Tortanus eggs from Xiamen waters and their temperature effect.

作　　者：陈峰[1] 李少菁[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学海洋系,厦门361005

出　　处：《应用生态学报》1992年第1期62-68,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

摘　　要：实验室观测表明,3种歪水蚤的卵皆覆以半透明外鞘,仅特氏歪水蚤生产一定数量的不孵的无鞘卵。特氏歪水蚤夏卵与滞育卵的外鞘形态不同,前者较窄(≤15μm)且折皱均匀,后者多宽而折皱不均匀,随其外鞘加宽,活力明显提高。在钳形歪水蚤,两种卵的形态无明显差异;而右突歪水蚤尚未发现能够生产滞育卵。歪水蚤卵型的复杂多变,可能与其能够生产两种不同生理型卵的遗传特性正相适应。在短至12小时和6天的驯养期内,右突歪水蚤所产卵的卵径和鞘宽均分别与温度呈显著负相关及正相关,并随季节而异;这进一步表明动物对本海区温度季节性变化的适应。The features of two physiological types of eggs laid by three species of Tortanus incubated in laboratory were observed during Jan., 1986 to Sep., 1987. It is shown that the eggs are covered by semitransparent case, and only T.derjuginii can lay a certain amount of non-viable eggs without case. In T. derjuginii, eggs with narrower case (≤15μm) and corrugating regularly are subitaneous ones, and those with wider case and corrugating irregularly are diapause ones. The viability of diapause eggs increases significantly with increasing case width. There is no morphological differentiation between subitaneous and diapause eggs in T.forcipatus, and it is noteworthy that no diapause egg in T.dextrilobatus has been occurred. It is suggested that the complicated variation in egg features of Tortanus might be attributed to the population genetic characteristics of producing two physiological types of eggs. Experimental result shows that the diameter and case width of eggs laid by T.dextrilobatus females collected seasonally from Xiamen waters are negatively and positively correlated with temperature respectively, after rearing the females under the laboratory condition for 12 hours and 6 days. It is suggested that the seasonal variation in a short period of 6 days could demonstrate the acclimation of Tortanus to the seasonal temperature fluctuating.

关 键 词：歪水蚤 卵型 季节变化 温度效应 

分 类 号：Q959.223.3[生物学—动物学]