高产花生冠层光截获和光合、呼吸特性研究  

Study on Light Interception, Photosynthesis and Respiration in High-yielding Peanut Canopies

作　　者：王才斌[1] 郑亚萍[1] 成波[1] 孙彦浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《作物学报》2004年第3期274-278,共5页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 ( 3 880 5 43 )项目资助

摘　　要：在产量为 7.0～ 7.7t/hm2 高产条件下研究了中熟、疏枝、直立、大果花生品种冠层的某些生理特征 ,结果表明 ,在花生生育中期 ,冠层 2 / 3以上叶层为群体主要吸光层 ,LAI和LIR分别约占各自总量的 1/ 2和 4 / 5 ;花生消光系数 (k)为0 .82～ 0 .87,适宜最高LAI为 5 .5 ;始花后 ,群体光合作用日变化呈单峰曲线 (晴日无云 ) ,高峰出现在 10 :0 0～ 13:0 0 ,自然光照条件下 (最高 16 0 0～ 180 0 μmol·m-2 ·s-1) ,没有明显的“午休”或光饱和现象 ;群体暗呼吸在一昼夜内出现一峰(11:0 0～ 15 :0 0 )一谷 (3:0 0～ 5 :0 0 )。光强和温度分别是群体光合作用和呼吸作用日变化的主导影响因子 ;干旱显著降低群体光合速率。Peanut varieties characterized by few branches, medium duration of growth, erect growing habit, and big pods were used to study some physiological characteristics related to their canopy morphology under yields of 7.0—7.7 t/hm2 condition. Results showed: (1) The upper 1/3 of the canopy, during the mid-growing period, was a major light-absorption layer, in which about 1/2 of the leaf area in the canopy was included and 4/5 of solar radiation was intercepted. (2) The extinction coefficient (k) ranged from 0.82 to 0.87 and the optimal maximum LAI was 5.5. (3) The photosynthesis of the canopy, on a clear day, presented a single peak curve after bloom initiation, the peak occurred around noon (10:00? ?3:00). No midday depression of photosynthesis was observed under natural conditions (max: 1600—1800 μmol·m -2·s -1). The proceeding of dark respiration, during day and night, presented one peak (11:00—15:00) and one valley (3:00—5:00). The dominant-factors affecting photosynthesis and respiration were the intensity of solar radiation and air temperature, respectively. (4) Photosynthesis was greatly affected by water deficiency.

关 键 词：花生 冠层结构 光截获特征 光合特性 呼吸特性 产量 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]