水稻化感物质的代谢途径及基因调控  

Studies on metabolic pathway of rice (Oryza sativa L.) allelochemicals and their gene regulation

作　　者：徐正浩[1] 何勇[1] 崔绍荣[1] 李迪[2] 赵明[3] 张旭[3] 余柳青[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学生物系统工程和食品科学院,杭州310029 [2]中国水稻研究所,杭州310006 [3]中国农业大学作物学院,北京100094

出　　处：《植物保护》2004年第1期5-8,共4页Plant Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30170620)

摘　　要：水稻化感作用和竞争作用是水稻抑草的两个方面,化感作用是通过水稻植株向环境中释放化感物质实现对杂草的生长抑制作用。水稻化感作用的物质主要有4大类:酚类、萜类、含氮化合物和其他化感物质。水稻酚类化感物质的代谢物质为莽草酸和乙酸-丙二酸;类萜是由乙酰CoA经甲羟戊酸和异戊二烯焦磷酸(IPP)转化而来的,类萜生物合成中起作用的是IPP;含氮化感物质是由不同的氯基酸衍生来的。很多植物次生物质产生的酶基因已得到了克隆。紫外光处理水稻化感材料后12 h和24 h,被诱导的苯丙氨酸氨基裂合酶(PAL)、肉桂酸-4-羟化酶(CA4H)和二萜环化酶的酶活力比紫外光处理的无化感作用水稻中的要高2-4倍。用胁迫相关酶的编码基因对水稻的化感作用进行基因调控研究是探明产生水稻化感物质基因的重要策略。The interference of rice (Oryz sativa L. ) with the growth of weeds may be due to allelopathy, which in turn may be due to competition. Allelopathy of rice may be used for biological control of paddy field weeds . Allelopathic rice materials release allelochemicals into the environment to suppress the growth of weeds. There are four main kinds of allelochemicals in allelopathic rice plants, i.e., phenolics, terpenoids, nitrogen compounds and other allelopathic rice agents. Compounds associated with allelopathic effect of rice are synthesized by the secondary metabolic pathway. Among these allelopathic compounds, phenolics are synthesized from the acetate- malonate pathway and shikimatic acid pathway; terpenoids from acetyl-CoA, which is formed from mevalonic acid and isoprene pyrophosphate; nitrogen compounds derived from different amino acids. Many enzyme genes associated with plant secondary metabolites has been cloned. Activities of phenylalanine ammonia - lyase, cinnamic acid 4 - hydroxylase and diterpene cyclase in rice plants are induced when their leaves are irradiated with UV light for 12 hours and 24 hours. The activities of the enzymes of allelopathic rice materials were 2-4 times higher than those of non- allelopathic rice materials. It may be an important strategy for gene regulation of rice allelopathic activity by using the stress - regulated genes.

关 键 词：水稻 化感物质 代谢途径 基因调控 化感作用 杂草防除 生态防除 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S451.1