用^(15)N叶片标记法研究旱作水稻与花生间作系统中氮素的双向转移  

Researches on Bi-directional N transfer between the intercropping system of groundnut with rice cultivated in aerobic soil using ^(15)N) foliar labelling method

作　　者：褚贵新[1] 沈其荣[1] 李奕林[1] 张娟 王树起[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境学院

出　　处：《生态学报》2004年第2期278-284,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 (3 0 0 70 44 6;3 0 2 0 0 0 3 6)~~

摘　　要：在盆栽条件下 ,采用 1 5N叶片富积标记方法 ,研究了旱作水稻与花生间作系统氮素的双向转移及供氮水平对氮素转移的影响。结果表明 :在 15 kg hm- 2、75 kg hm- 2、 15 0 kg hm- 2等 3个氮肥水平下 ,间作水稻的干物质生物量和氮素吸收量分别为9.4 1g株 - 1、12 .0 6 g株 - 1、13.5 3g株 - 1和 2 0 7.35 mg株 - 1、2 4 1.81mg株 - 1、2 5 9.37mg株 - 1 ,分别比单作水稻增加了 2 1%～ 2 9%、7%～ 2 9%、18%～ 30 %和 4 3.4 3%、4 5 .72 %、32 .81% ,间作对水稻的干物质积累和氮素吸收量有显著促进作用。间作和单作系统中花生的干物质生物量和氮素吸收量间的差异均不显著 ;用花生叶片标记 1 5N试验表明 ,在 3个氮肥水平下花生体内的氮素中分别有 9.93%、5 .6 5 %、4 .2 2 %转移到了水稻植株体内 ,其转移量随土壤氮素水平的提高而降低 ;用水稻叶片标记 1 5N则分别有 4 .39%、2 .0 6 %、1.38%的水稻体内氮素转移到了花生植株体内 ,其转移量也随土壤氮素水平的提高而降低 ;用 1 5N叶片标记的方法证明花生与水稻旱作的间作系统中存在着氮素的双向转移 ,但净转移方向是由花生植株向水稻的氮素转移。对豆科与禾本科间作系统中氮素转移的机理、途径也做了分析和讨论。Rice traditionally cultivated in water-logged soil consumes huge amounts of the water resources in China. As a novel water-saving technique, rice cultivated in aerobic soil could almost reach the same yield as that in water-logged soil. Furthermore, rice cultivation in aerobic conditions makes it possible to intercrop rice with legumes, which is regarded as an important part of sustainable agriculture and has a yield advantage expressed by land equivalent ratio (LER). But little information has been available so far about the new intercropping systems. Pot experiments were carried out to study the nitrogen transfer occurring in the system of groundnut intercropped with rice cultivated in aerobic soil at three different nitrogen fertilizer application rates (15 kg hm^(-2), 75 kg hm^(-2) and 150 kg hm^(-2)) using (()^(15)N) foliar labelling method. The results were as follows. The dry weight and total nitrogen accumulated in intercropped rice were 9.410 g plant^(-1), 12.06 g plant1, 13.53 g plant^(-1) and 207.35 mg plant^(-1), 241.81mg plant^(-1), 259.37 mg.plant^(-1) at three nitrogen application rates, namely 15 kg hm^(-2), 75 kg hm^(-2), 150 kg hm^(-2), respectively. Compared with monocropped rice cultivation, the dry weights of rice intercropped were increased by 21%～29%, 7%～29%, 18%～30% at the three N fertilizer application rates, respectively, while the total nitrogen increased by 43.43%, 45.72%, 32.81%, respectively. This result showed that intercropping could enhance significantly the dry weight and total nitrogen of rice crop, especially in the soil with low-N supply. There was no significant differences of the dry weight and total nitrogen of groundnut between the intercropped and monocropped. Using groundnut leaf label (()^(15)N) as (()^(15)N) donor plant, there was good evidence of nitrogen transfer from groundnut to rice, which accounted for about 9.93%, 5.65%, 4.22% of the N accumulated in groundnut at the three N application rates, respectively. The higher the fertilizer application rates, th

关 键 词：间作 ^15N 氮素转移 水稻旱作 花生 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]