濒危物种保护方法研究进展  

Advances in conservation methods of endangered species

作　　者：何友均[1] 李忠[2] 崔国发[1] 魏文超[1] 冯宗炜[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学资源与环境学院,北京100083 [2]国家林业局保护处,北京100714 [3]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《生态学报》2004年第2期338-346,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金："十五"国家攻关资助项目 (2 0 0 1BA5 10 B10 -0 3 )~~

摘　　要：对濒危物种的科学内涵、濒危机制和物种保护方法进行综述。具体阐述了种群生存力分析 (PVA)技术和复合种群理论(Meta- population)在濒危物种保护中的应用 ;总结了分子生物学方法在濒危物种保护中的作用 ;探讨了“3S”技术在濒危物种保护中的应用前景。分析和评价了各种保护方法的实用性和局限性 ,提出了各种保护方法在濒危物种保护中的应用前景和发展趋势。总之 ,物种保护方法的不断发展开创了保护生物学研究的新篇章 ,怎样运用交叉学科理论和综合应用各种保护方法探讨物种濒危机制、制定濒危物种有效管理和保护措施 ,是需要进一步解决的科学问题。It is a great challenge for human beings to protect endangered species. The concepts, endangering mechanism and conservation methods of endangered species have been reviewed in this paper, which includes: application of population viability analysis and meta-population theory on species conservation; contribution of molecular biology technology to protect endangered species; perspectives on Remote Sensing, Geographical Information System and Global Position System in safeguarding endangered species. In addition, the effectiveness and possibility of conservation technology, as well as their limitations and future development have been discussed.Population viability analysis(PVA) provides a quantitative method for predicting the probability of extinction and prioritizing conservation needs. PVA takes into account the combined impacts of stochastic factors (demographic, environmental and genetic stochasticity) and deterministic factors (habitat loss, over exploitation). Its goal is to establish a minimum viable population (MVP), predict population dynamics, make conservation management program and evaluate its strategies. However, it is difficult to measure small-population parameters which need to be used in PVA models. So, measuring population parameters and environment information is an imperative task of ecologists, identifying variables which affect the predictive power of PVA is extremely important, developing more spatially models and normative PVA datum is also an urgent task of biologists and modeler. Furthermore, PVAs should develop models which include multi-species and various factors, and search objective species which belong to different taxa or geographical distribution among the same taxa in order to simulate endangered species parameters. The meta-population theory is a useful tool for endangered species conservation and the theory mainly focuses on the dynamic of individual migration among local and regional populations and conditions of species persistence. The meta-population spatially model whic

关 键 词：濒危物种 种群生存力 复合种群 分子生物学 “3S”技术 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学]