氮素与土壤水分对水稻养分吸收和稻米品质的影响  

Effect of nitrogen and soil moisture on nutrient absorption and quality of rice

作　　者：陈新红[1] 刘凯[2] 徐国伟[1] 王志琴[1] 杨建昌[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农学院农学系,江苏扬州225009 [2]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐8300052

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2004年第3期15-19,24,共6页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：江苏省科技攻关项目(BE2001331);国家"十五"重大攻关项目(2001BA507A-09-01-03)。

摘　　要：　以粳稻武育粳3号为材料,研究了大田条件下不同氮素水平和土壤水分对水稻养分吸收及稻米品质的影响。结果表明:各器官的N,P含量随氮素水平的提高而增加;水层灌溉下各器官的N,P含量较节水灌溉的高,节水灌溉下营养器官的转运率高,K含量在各处理之间无显著差异;氮素水平与节水灌溉对稻米的碾米品质无显著影响,垩白米率和垩白度随氮素和土壤水分的增加而提高;蛋白质含量与施氮水平呈正相关,在相同氮素水平下,节水灌溉的蛋白质含量较水层灌溉低,直链淀粉含量的变化与蛋白质相反;在氮素水平为300和450kg/hm2时,节水灌溉与水层灌溉的产量间无显著差异;节水灌溉的结实率和收获指数均高于水层灌溉。Nutrient absorption and quality of rice on Wuyujing 3 were investigated by different nitrogen levels and irrigation methods on field.The results showed that N and P content of organs were enhanced with increasing of nitrogen levels,and N,P content by conventional watering was higher than those by water-saving irrigation,but water-saving irrigation promoted transfer of nutrients from vegetative organs to grains.K content of organs was insignificant among treatments.There had no significant effect on the milling quality by nitrogen levels and irrigation methods;Percentage of chalky kernel and chalkiness were enhanced with the increasing levels and soil moisture.The protein content of rice was positively correlated with nitrogen level,and it by saving irrigation was lower than conventional irrigation in the same nitrogen level;the change of amylose content was negative with protein content.The yields between water-saving and conventional irrigation were insignificant when nitrogen levels was 300 or 450 kg/hm^2;the percentage of filled grain and harvest index by water-saving irrigation were higher than that by conventional irrigation.

关 键 词：氮素 土壤水分 水稻 养分吸收 稻米品质 节水灌溉 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]