降雨空间分布不均匀性对流域径流和泥沙模拟影响研究  

Study on Effect of Uncertainty in Spatial Distribution of Rainfall on Runoff and Sediment Modeling

作　　者：张雪松[1] 郝芳华[1] 张建永[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科学研究所水沙科学教育部重点实验室,北京100875 [2]水利部水利水电规划设计总院,北京100011

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2004年第1期9-12,共4页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目(G1999043605);教育部博士点基金资助项目(20010027013)

摘　　要：对降雨空间分布变化的不完全理解,以及缺乏足够的数据来描述降雨的空间分布,阻碍了分布式水文模型的发展。以黄河下游洛河卢氏水文站以上流域为研究区,在GIS技术支持下,采用目前分布式水文模型中应用广泛的Thiessen多边形法确定降雨空间分布,选取分布式水文模型SWAT(SoilandWaterAssessmentTools)研究降雨空间分布不均匀性对流域径流和泥沙模拟的影响。结果表明雨量站密度、雨量站分布和降雨空间分布变化均对模拟结果产生了较大影响,这在一定程度上限制了分布式水文模型的应用和参数识别。此外,Thiessen多边形法对面雨量的估算结果是令人满意的,但对降雨空间分布的描述能力较差。The development of distributed modeling technology has been hampered by incomplete understanding of spatially variable process and the lack of adequate data to characterize spatially varying inputs. This seems to be particularly true with respect to rainfall distribution. The effect of uncertainty in spatial distribution of rainfall on runoff and sediment modeling was studied. The upper watershed of Luohe River was selected as the study area. Thiessen polygon method was used to estimate the spatial distribution of rainfall field. Using GIS and SWAT model, the effect of the density of raingauge network, different spatial arrangement of raingauge, and different spatial variability of rainfall field on runoff volume and sediment yield were examined. The results indicate that utility of a spatially distributed approach to model catchment response is compromised by large uncertainties in the spatial distribution of rainfall input. And estimates of areal rainfall using Thiessen polygon method may be accurate at the watershed scale but do not produce accurate estimates of rainfall distribution for distributed watershed modeling.

关 键 词：降雨空间分布不均匀性 分布式水文模型 Thiessen多边形法 径流 泥沙 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]