长江三峡水库气候效应数值模拟  

NUMERICAL MODELING OF MICROCLIMATE EFFECTS PRODUCED BY THE FORMATION OF THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR

作　　者：张洪涛[1] 祝昌汉[2] 张强[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局国家卫星气象中心,北京100081 [2]中国气象局国家气候中心,北京100081

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2004年第2期133-137,共5页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国务院三峡工程建设委员会办公室"长江三峡生态与环境监测系统局地气候监测项目"(SX2001 009);"三峡库区地质灾害强降水诱发因子的监测预警研究"(国地防灾[2003]03 17 08)共同资助.

摘　　要：在地形坐标系中建立了一个三维静力平衡的大气-土壤耦合模式,模式详细考虑了复杂地形、植被和水面的热力、动力过程。与其它中、小尺度模式相比其独特之处是:此模式在地表与植被冠层建立的辐射平衡方程和能量平衡方程中,均详细地考虑了坡度、坡向的影响。观测表明,长江三峡江面水温的日变化小于3℃。长江三峡段水流湍急,江水上下交换十分剧烈,各处水深变化较大,使模拟江水的动力、热力过程变得十分困难。所以,在研究中忽略了江水温度的日变化,模式中作为动力、热力外强迫因子,水库建成后的改变仅为水面海拔高度的升高和水面区域的扩大,水面温度是常数。用此模式模拟研究长江三峡建成前后气象要素场的日变化过程,通过计算它们的差别来分析水库的小气候效应。结果表明风、温、湿气象要素场在方圆近10km范围内均有不同程度的改变,但变化幅度不大。In this paper, we established a three dimensional hydrostatic equilibrium air-soil coupling model in G―Chen coordinates system which fully contained the thermal and dynamic process of terrain, vegetation and water surface in detail. The unique characteristis of this model are that the influence of terrain had been considered in the radiation and energy balance equations of forest crown canopy and land surface. The observation showed that the daily variation of river surface temperature is below 3℃. The rushing water of Three Gorges of Yangzi River is full of turbulence. The depth of the river is different everywhere. These make the simulation of thermal and dynamic process of water very difficult. We neglected the daily variation of river temperature. In our study the changes produced by the formation of the reservoir is only the elevation of water surface and the extent of its water surface area. The water surface temperature is a constant.We use this model to simulate the diurnal variation of meteorological elements field before and after the formation of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Then we calculated their differences and analyzed the microclimate Produced by the formation of of the reservoir. The result shows that the temperature, wind and humidity field will be changed in the near area within ten kilometers away from Three Gorges Reservoir, but with a rather limited degree.

关 键 词：静力平衡 三维大气-土壤耦合模式 三峡水库 气候效应 

分 类 号：P461[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]