以色列总理直选制的兴废  

The Vicissitudes of Direct Election of Prime Minister in Israel

作　　者：雷钰[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学文博学院

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2004年第1期23-29,共7页West Asia and Africa

摘　　要：单一选区比例代表制是以色列议会选举的核心。建国后 ,对它的争议几乎从未停息过 ,人们不断尝试改革选举制度。 1 992年 ,议会终于通过了由选民直接选举总理的新选举法 ,堪称以色列最大的选举改革。然而 ,事实证明这是一次事与愿违的改革 ,它“产生了与改革者的意图正好相反的结果” :党派数量大幅度增加 ,以色列政坛分崩离析 ;议席呈分散化趋势 ,大党的优势减弱 ,小党尤其是宗教党的作用不断增强 ;内阁危机更加频繁。因此 ,废除总理直选制势在必行。The form of single proportional electoral rule is the core of the parliamentary electoral system in Israel. However, debates about it have almost never stopped since the founding of Israel. In 1992, the Israeli parliament passed a new electoral law to let the voters elect prime minister directly. This electoral reform can be called the most momentous institutional change in the electoral law but it turns out to be contrary to the reformers' wishes as the facts show. The number of the parties increases considerably, fragmentations appear on Israeli political arena, seats of the parliament are diversified with the strength of big parties decreasing and the role of small parties,increasing; cabinet crisis occurs more frequently than before. Under these circumstances, it's imperative to annul the electoral law according to which the prime minister is elected directly .

关 键 词：以色列 总理 直选制 选举制度 改革 议会民主制 选区多数选举制 比例代表制 党派 

分 类 号：D738.2[政治法律—政治学]