草坪蒸散量及水分管理的研究  

Study on the Evapotranspiration Rate and Water Management of Turf

作　　者：孙强[1] 韩建国[1] 姜丽[1] 李鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学草地研究所草业科学北京市重点实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《草地学报》2004年第1期51-56,共6页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金重点项目"北京抗旱;抗病;长绿草坪草种选育及管理技术研究"(6001001)

摘　　要：对高羊茅、草地早熟禾、野牛草和结缕草的蒸散量以及水分管理的研究表明:在生长季节4种草坪水分蒸散规律均为"双峰型",5月和8月是2个高峰期;高羊茅2001年总蒸散量为831.28mm,2002年849.33mm,较草地早熟禾(734.51mm和764.37mm)高11.5%;野牛草和结缕草差异不显著,分别为609.82mm和612.10mm;冷季型和暖季型草坪的总蒸散量差异显著(P<0.05),其中高羊茅>草地早熟禾>野牛草=结缕草;4种草坪草夏季日蒸散量均处于较低水平;生长季需要补充的灌溉水在2001年高羊茅为621.34mm,草地早熟禾为543.88mm;2002年高羊茅为536.85mm,草地早熟禾466.13mm,野牛草332.16mm,结缕草326.65mm;降水量的年际波动造成2年的灌溉需水量差异较大。A study of the evapotranspiration rate and water management of the cool-season turfgrasses, Tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass, from May 2001 to November 2002, and the warm-season turfgrasses, Baffalograss and Zoysiagrass, from April to November 2002, shows that during the whole growth seasons, the evapotranspiration of the four species reached the highest rate twice: in May and in August. Meteorological factors dominated the evapotranspiration rate of the grasses and also interacted with one another. The total evapotranspiration rate of Tall fescue was 831.28 mm in 2001 and 849.33 mm in 2002, which everaged 11.5% higher than Kentucky bluegrass, whose ET rate was 734.51 mm in 2001 and 764.37 mm in 2002. The ET rate difference between Baffalograss (609.82 mm) and Zoysiagrass (612.10 mm) was not obvious,while that between the cool-season turfgrasses and the warm-season species was evident ( P <0.05). The statistical sequence of the ET rate of the four species is as follows: Tall fescue>Kentucky bluegrass>Baffalograss=Zoysiagrass. The summer ET rate of the first two species in 2001 was either low or very low. During the whole growth seasons of 2001, Tall fescue needed 621.34 mm irrigation water, and Kentucky bluegrass, 543.88 mm; of 2002,Tall fescue needed 536.85 mm,Kentucky bluegrass 466.13 mm,Baffalograss 332.16 mm, and Zoysiagrass 326.65 mm irrigation water. It was the variable precipitation between 2001 and 2002 that caused the different amount of irrigation water demanded by the species.

关 键 词：草原学 草坪 蒸散量 水分管理 

分 类 号：S688.4[农业科学—观赏园艺] S161.4[农业科学—园艺学]