环境因子对印楝生长的影响  

Effects of the Environmental Factors on the Growth of Azadirachta indica

作　　者：王瑞波[1] 刘新龙[1] 张燕平[2] 

机构地区：[1]云南大学生态学与地植物学研究所,昆明650091 [2]中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所,昆明650224

出　　处：《林业科技》2004年第2期15-18,共4页Forestry Science & Technology

基　　金：云南省"十五"科技攻关项目 ( 2 0 0 1NG3 1)资助

摘　　要：印楝原产于印 -巴次大陆及南亚和东南亚的干旱地区 ,分布海拔范围一般为 10 0 0m以下 ,最高达 1830m。印楝喜光照 ,幼苗不耐荫蔽 ;正常生长的年均温不低于 2 0℃ ,常年极端低温大于 0℃ ,对霜冻敏感 ;在年均降水量 4 5 0～ 12 0 0mm的地方生长最好 ,能耐受不足 130mm的降水和较长的干季 ;对土壤类型要求不高 ,但在渗透性和排水性好的土壤中长势好 ;土壤肥力对印楝的生长比水分的供应更重要 ;不同地理种源的印楝生长差异很大 ;杂草对幼树影响很大 ,除草能促进其生长 ;印楝的活性成分提取物虽能防治多种病虫害 ,但仍有 6 0多种害虫及某些病害为害它。It was generally accepted that Azadirachta indica was originated in the India-Pakistan subcontinent,and arid areas of South Asia and South-east Asia.Its altitude range was usually bellow 1*!000 m,but single trees had been planted even up to 1*!830 meters elevation.Azadirachta indica enjoyed sunlight,while shade was not useful for its seedling growth.It grew well when mean annual temperature was not below 20℃,and the annual absolute minimum temperature was above 0℃,but it was very susceptible to forst.Though,it could tolerate as little rainfall as 130*!mm and longer dry seasons,it thrived in areas having a mean average annual rainfall of 450～1*!200*!mm.The tree was undemanding and grew on almost all kinds of soils,but grew well in well-drained loams.Fertility of the soil was indicated as more critical than moisture supply for growth of Azadirachta indica.There was great difference in growth of Azadirachta indica from different geographical provenances.Weeds strongly effected the growth of young plants,and weeding is essential to enhance its growth at juvenile stage.Despite the fact that it contained fungicidal,antibacterial,and pesticidal ingredients,over 60 pests and certain microbes might attack different parts of the tree.

关 键 词：印楝 环境因子 生长 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S792.33[农业科学—林木遗传育种]