田埂报春开花授粉生物学特性研究  

THE BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOWERING AND POLLINATION IN Primula forbessi

作　　者：张晓曼[1] 周怀军[1] 张启翔[2] 陈书明[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学林业资源与工程学院,河北保定071000 [2]北京林业大学园林学院,北京100083

出　　处：《河北林果研究》2004年第1期66-70,共5页Hebei Journal of Forestry and Orchard Research

摘　　要：田埂报春为 1a生宿根野生花卉 ,花期为 1月中旬至 3月下旬 ,总状轮生伞形花序 ,单花 5～ 7朵轮生 ,花瓣 5枚 ,雄蕊 5枚 ,花粉红色或浅紫色 ,单花花期 3～ 6d ,单花序花期 7～ 15d ,全株花期长达 2个月之久。在授粉受精过程中 ,花粉的萌发受温度影响较大 ,2 0～ 2 5℃温度范围较适宜花粉萌发 ;不同花期花粉萌发率存在较大差异 ,初花期与盛花期的花粉萌发率分别达4 1 79%和 6 7 4 4% ,在杂交育种中宜选用初花期和盛花期的花粉 ;花粉生活力保存时间的长短对育种工作具有重要意义 ,以 5℃加干燥剂的储藏方式效果最佳 ,394h后萌发率仍有 2 1 0 %。田埂报春自然授粉杂交结实率低 ,需人工辅助授粉 ,以长花柱花 (♀ )×短花柱花 (♂ )组合表现了较高的结实率 (6 4 5 8% ) ,自交不亲和。Primula forbessi is an annual wilding perennial root flower.Its flower season is about two months long .It is verticillate raceme. 5～7 flowers are verticillated.It have 5 petals,5pistils.The color of the flower is pink.One flower season is 3～6 days and the inforescence is 7～15 days.The germination of the pollen is influenced by the temperature,differente flower season,and the conserving condition.20～25℃is the best temperature for the pollen geminating.The initial and prosperous flowering season is better for the pollination.In these seasons the germinating rate reaches to 41.79% and 67.44%.The pollen conserved in the drier at 5℃for 120 h still can germinate at 19.0% rate.Primiula forbessi′s breeding rate is very low at the natural pollinating condition.It needs the artificial pollination.The combination of long style(♀)and short style(♂)has a high bearing rate. Primiula forbessi is self-sterility.

关 键 词：田埂报春 开花 授粉 结实率 

分 类 号：S682.15[农业科学—观赏园艺]