部落联盟还是民族——对摩尔根和恩格斯有关论述的再思考  

Tribal Confederacy or Nation? Rethinking Morgan and Engels

作　　者：易建平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所,研究员100006

出　　处：《历史研究》2003年第5期142-159,共18页Historical Research

摘　　要：国内外学术界普遍认为 ,在摩尔根和恩格斯的著作中 ,部落联盟是原始社会所达到的最高组织形式 ,平等的原始社会通过部落联盟过渡到以阶级为基础的国家社会 ;部落联盟与军事民主制是一回事。本文的研究表明 ,这种已经形成为传统或者说经典的观点是不正确的 ;在摩尔根和恩格斯的理论中 ,原始社会的最高组织形式是民族而不是部落联盟 ,故而 ,人类社会是通过民族而不是通过部落联盟最后形成为国家的 ;部落联盟与军事民主制也并不完全是一回事。此外 ,国内外学术界广泛使用军事民主制或者部落联盟概念 ,来仅仅指称摩尔根和恩格斯的原始社会末期以及 (或者 )从这个时期向国家转变的过渡阶段 ,也是不适宜的。It is widely accepted that in their works both Morgan and Engels treat tribal confederacy as the highest form of organization in primitive societies; that primitive society transformed into states based on classes through such confederacies; and that they and military democracy are the same thing. However, this conventional, or classical, notion is rather questionable: Morgan and Engels regard nation rather than tribal confederacy as the highest form of organization in primitive society; states were formed in human society by nations rather than by tribal confederacies; and the latter and military democracy are not identical. It is wrong to refer to the late period of primitive society and/or the transformation to the state discussed in Morgan's and Engels' works in terms of military democracy or tribal confederacy, as is the common practice in international academia. [HJ5”:6/7]

关 键 词：摩尔根 恩格斯 部落联盟 军事民主制 民族 国家起源 

分 类 号：K02[历史地理—历史学]