冬小麦生长条件下土壤氮素运移动态的数值模拟  

Numerical simulation of nitrogen transport during the growth of winter wheat

作　　者：马军花[1] 任理[1] 龚元石[1] Karl.Stahr 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学土壤和水科学系教育部植物土壤相互作用重点实验室,北京100094 [2]大学土壤与环境研究所

出　　处：《水利学报》2004年第3期103-110,共8页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：中-德合作项目"华北平原作物高产及高生产力条件下环境可承受的持续农业研究"B1子项目和国家高技术研究发展计划子课题(2001AA242032)的资助

摘　　要：将土壤溶质运移理论和土壤微生物化学、植物生理学有机地结合起来,建立了农田土壤氮素运移、转化与吸收的综合数学模型。运用该模型对中德合作项目试验田1999～2000年冬小麦优化施肥与传统灌溉和优化施肥与优化灌溉两小区的土壤水分和氮素运移动态及干物质产量进行了模拟。模拟结果与实测数据吻合较好。两小区土壤剖面埋深165cm处硝态氮淋失量的计算结果表明:与传统灌溉方式相比,优化灌溉方式的土壤硝态氮的淋失量明显减少。用验证后的数学模型在计算机上进行了几种不同灌溉方案下土壤水氮运移动态及干物质产量变化的数值试验,结果表明:在喷灌条件下,冬小麦以每10d灌溉一次,每次20mm水量的灌溉方式较优。The object of this study is to improve the existing model for predicting the behavior of nitrogen in soil, uptake by plants and migration towards ground water. A comprehensive mathematical model for describing the transport, transformation of nitrogen in soil was established based on the theories of soil physical,chemical,biological and microbiological process. The model is applied to simulate the water movement, nitrogen transport and crop yield in two experimental fields. The simulation result is in good agreement with observation data.It is found that under the condition of sprinkler irrigation, the best sheme for winter wheat is to carry out irrigation every 10d with water depth 20mm each time. Following this irrigation scheme the dry matter production can be improved and the amount of nitrate-nitrogen leaching will be reduced.

关 键 词：土壤 硝态氮 运移 淋失 冬小麦 确定性模型 数值模拟 

分 类 号：S151.3[农业科学—土壤学] TV121.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]